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2014年职称英语考试试题理工类c级阅读判断强化练习题8

发表时间：2014/2/26 11:33:12 来源：互联网点击关注微信：

The First Settlement in North America

It is very difficult to say just when colomzation began. The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus's journey of discovery in 14921 did not produce any settlement on the North America continent but rather some Spanish trading posts further south2, a great interest in gold and adventure, and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part3. John Cabot, originally from Genoa but a citizen of Venice, was established as a trader in Bristol4, England, when he made a journey in 1497. But his ship, the Matthew, with its crew of eighteen, did no more than see an island5 (probably off the New England coast) and return home. He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America6. But for a long time afterwards the Europeans' interest in America was mainly confined to the Spanish activities further south.

The first beginning of permanent settlement in North America were nearly a hundred years after Columbus's first voyage. The Englishman Sir Walter Raleigh claimed the whole of North America for England, calling it Virginia. In 1585 he sent a small group of people who landed in Roanoke Island, but they stayed only for a year and then went back to England with another expedition, led by Drake, in 1587. A second group who landed in 1587 had all disappeared when a further expedition arrived in 1590.

The first permanent settlement in North America was in 1607. English capitalists founded two Virginia companies, a southern one based in London and a northern one based in Bristol. It was decided to give the name New England to the northern area. The first settlers in Virginia were little more than wage slaves7 to the company. All were men and the experiment was not very successful. Many died. Those who survived lived in miserable conditions. By 1619 the colony had only a thousand people.

注释：

1.The first hundred years after Christopher Columbus's journey of discovery in 1492...：克里斯托弗?哥伦布1492年发现美洲航行之后的一百年内……

2.…，but rather some Spanish trading posts further south...：……，只是在更偏南的地方西班牙人建了一些贸易站……

3.…，and some colorful crimes in which the English had their part.……，以及一些英国人参与的形形色色的罪恶。

4.Genoa：热那亚，Venice：威尼斯，Bristol：布里斯托尔

5. …, did no more than see an island...：……，只不过看到了一座岛屿……

6.He and his son made further voyages across the north Atlantic which enabled the English crown to claim a "legal" title to North America．他和他儿子在北大西洋又做了几次航行，这些航行使得英国国王宣称对北美拥有“合法的”所有权。

7. wage slaves：挣工资的奴隶

练习：

1.We know for sure that colonization began at the end of the 15th century.