学位英语

New Findings on Cancer

Scientists have learned more about the way cancer spreads from one place in the body to another. Once it spreads, it gets more difficult to treat. Cancer is a disease of uncontrolled cell growth. Traditional thinking is that cells simply break off the main cancer, travel through the blood and grow in other organs.

But the new findings suggest there is more to this process. Researchers found that cells from the main tumor（瘤） send out messengers（送信者）. These prepare the new organ for a secondary tumor.

It works this way. The primary tumor releases （释放） proteins called growth factors into the blood. They signal cells at the target organ to produce a sticky protein, called fibronectin. Fibronectin attaches to the surface of bone marrow （骨髓） cells. The result is a kind of landing area for cancer to arrive and grow into a secondary tumor.

The bone marrow (骨髓）cells help make vessels （血管） for blood to pass through and feed the cancer cells. The researchers believe that without the bone marrow cells, the tumors could not land on the new organ and grow.

Scientists from Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, led the research. The study appeared in the publication Nature. It involved laboratory mice. The researchers killed off bone marrow cells in the animals and replaced them with special new ones, which were brightly colored, so the researchers could observe them. The mice were then injected with lung cancer cells.

The researchers were surprised when the bone marrow cells reached the lungs days before any cancer cells. They found that the bone marrow cells arrived to prepare the lungs for the cancer to spread. Other tests led to similar findings.

The researchers believe they would find the same result in humans. They say knowledge of the process could lead to new ways to fight cancer.

1.It is more difficult to control the cancer after it spreads

A.Right　B.Wrong　C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

解析:该题说的是：癌症扩散了之后就更不好控制了。第一段中间提到一旦扩散，就更不容易治疗了。这里的“treat”与题干中的“control”都是对癌症的治疗的意思

2.People used to believe that some cancer cells just got away from main cancer and travelled through blood vessels to other organs and grow there

A.Right　B.Wrong　C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

解析:该题说的是：过去人们认为一些癌细胞从主细胞上分离，通过血管移动到其它器官并在那里生长。第一段最后一句就是这个意思。其中的“Traditional thinking”就是传统的认为，也就是过去认为。因此正确

3.Actually, the primary tumor sends out proteins instead of cancer cells

A.Right　B.Wrong　C.Not mentioned

正确答案:A

解析:该题说的是：事实上，肿瘤主细胞释放出的是蛋白质，而不是癌细胞。第三段开头提到“The primary tumor releases proteins”意思就是主肿瘤释放出蛋白质

4.The bone marrow cells play an unimportant role in the nourishment of the secondary tumor

A.Right　B.Wrong　C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

解析:该题说的是：骨髓细胞在继发瘤的营养补给方面不起重要作用。从第四段可知，骨髓细胞能够制造血管，为继发瘤细胞输送营养。因此提高说法不正确

5.The researchers killed a lot of mice for the laboratory test

A.Right　B.Wrong　C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

解析:该题说的是：为了实验研究院们杀死了许多老鼠。第五段提到“The researchers killed off bone marrow cells in the animals and replaced them with special new ones, which were brightly colored,”这句话的意思是研究员们杀死了老鼠体内的骨髓细胞，并代之以做了发光标记的新骨髓细胞。就是说，他们杀死的并不是老鼠，而是细胞。因此题干错误

6.Lung cancer cells reached the lung of the lab mice much earlier than the bone marrow cells

A.Right　B.Wrong　C.Not mentioned

正确答案:B

解析:该题说的是：肺癌细胞比骨髓细胞更早到达了老鼠肺内。倒数第二段中提到骨髓细胞比癌细胞早到达肺部好几天。所以题干的说法是错误的

7.All the mice involved in the lab test died of lung cancer at last

A.Right　B.Wrong　C.Not mentioned

正确答案:C

解析:该题说的是：用于实验的老鼠最终全部死于肺癌。文章中并没有提到老鼠最后的生死。因此选C

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