学位英语

Silent and Deadly

Transient ischemic attacks(TIAS),or ministrokes, result from temporary interruptions of blood flow to the brain. Unlike full strokes, they present sym ptoms lasting anywhere from a few seconds to 24 hours. Rarely do they cause permanent neurological damage, but they are often precursors of a major stroke.

“Our message is quite clear,”says Dr. Robert Adams, professor of neurology at the Medical College of Georgia in August.”TIAS，while less severe than strokes in the short term, are quite dangerous and need a quick diagnosis and treatment as well as appropriate follow-up to prevent future injury.”

Unfortunately, ministrokes are greatly underdiagnosed. A study conducted for the National Stroke Association indicates that 2.5% of all adults aged 18 or older(about 4.9 million people in the U.S.)have experienced a confirmed TIA. An additional 1.2 million Americans over the age of 45,the study showed have most likely suffered a ministroke without realizing it. These findings suggest that if the public knew how to spot the symptoms of stroke ,especially ministrokes, and sought prompt medical treatment, thousands of lives could be saved and major disability could be avoided.

The problem is that the symptoms of a ministroke are often subtle and passing. Nonetheless, there are signs you can look out for:

Numbness or weakness in the face, arm or leg, especially on one side of the body.

Trouble seeing in one or both eyes.

Confusion and difficulty speaking or understanding.

Difficulty walking, dizziness or loss of coordination.

Severe headache with no known cause

Along with these symptoms, researchers have identified some key indicators that increase your chances of having a full-blown stroke after a TIA: if you’re over 60,have experienced symptoms lasting longer than 10 minutes ,feel weak and have a history of diabetes.

As with many diseases ,you can help yourself by changing your lifestyle. The first things you should do are quit smoking ,limit your intake of alcohol to no more than a drink or two a day and increase your physical activity. Even those who suffer from high blood pressure or diabetes can improve their odds—and minimize complications if they do have a stroke—by keeping their illness under-control.

If you experience any of the symptoms, your first call should be to your doctor .It could be the call that saves your life.

31 Which of the following is NOT true of ministrokes?

[A] The cause of them remains unidentified.

[B] They seldom cause permanent neurological damage.

[C] They symptoms of them are often passing.

[D] They are not unrelated to major strokes..

正确答案：A

试题解析：A 文章第一段明确说明了小卒中发生的原因，因此答案为A。

32 To prevent ministrokes from turning into major strokes,it is important to _______.

[A] save thousands of lives

[B] avoid major disability

[C] seek prompt medical treatment

[D] prevent future injury.

正确答案：C

试题解析：C 文章第二段和第三段分别提到，在小卒中发生之后，最为重要的是及时就医，以避免中风的发生。

33 The passage indicates that the symptoms of ministrokes_______.

[A] are always easy to spot

[B] are frequently hard to recognize

[C] usually last a couple of days

[D] can by no means be avoided.

正确答案：B

试题解析：B 文章第三段表明许多人得了小卒中却没有意识到这一点，第四段中又指出小卒中的症状时常是subtle，即难以捉摸的，因此答案先B。

34 All of the following may be signs of ministrokes EXCEPT for_______ .

[A] trouble seeing in one eye

[B] numbness in the face

[C] loss of coordination

[D] severe headache caused by external injury.

正确答案：D

试题解析：D 文章中指出没有明确原因的头疼可能是发生小卒中的症状之一，而此处明确指出是由外伤引起的头疼，故选项D为答案。

35 It can be inferred from the passage that ministrokes are_______.

[A] more dangerous than major strokes

[B] silent and deadly

[C] difficult to cure

[D] sure to lead to major strokes.

正确答案：B

试题解析：B 文章表明小卒中常在人们不知不觉的情况下发生并可能造成极大的伤害，因此答案选B。

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