学位英语

请根据短文的内容，对16-22做出判断。

Winners and Losers

Why are the biggest winners in the past decade of trade globalization mostly in South and East Asia, whereas the biggest losers are mostly in the former Soviet bloc (集团)" and sub-Saharan Africa? History is a partial guide: East Asia has a long trading tradition, lately reinvigorated (给以新的活力 ) by the Chinese adoption of market economics. The Soviet Union, on the other hand, was sheltered from free-market forces for more than 70 years. In Africa, some countries are disadvantaged because of inadequate infrastructure (基础结构); many countries have little to trade but commodities, the prices of which have fallen in recent years.

In some regions, certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies, often under pressure from International Monetary Fund. First among these is Russia, which in the early 1990s tried to embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work, such as an independent bank system, a system of business law, and all adequate method for collecting taxes. Encouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the U. S. Department of the Treasury, President Boris Yeltsin (叶利钦) 's regime privatized the state-owned industrial sector, creating a class of oligarchs ( 寡头政治集团成员 ), who, knowing how unstable conditions were at home. sent their money abroad instead of investing it at home.

In contrast, China, the biggest winner from globalization, did not follow the IMF formul

A. Of the former states of the Soviet bloc, only a few, notably Poland and Hungary, managed to grow, which they did by iguodng IMF advice and adopting expansionary plans, including spending more than they collected in taxes. Botswana and Uganda are also success stories: despite their disadvantages, their countries achieved vigorous growth by creating stable civil societies, liberalizing trade and implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions.

Japan has a long trading tradition.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

参考答案:A 系统解析:

【题干】日本有着悠久的贸易传统。.

【解析】通过题干中专有名词Japan和trading tradition可以定位到第一段“East Asiahas a long trading tradition”，意为“东亚国家有着悠久的贸易传统”，而日本属于东亚国家，由此可知，题干信息与文章信息一致，故答案为A。 17

Russia was wrongly guided by the IMF.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

参考答案:A 系统解析:【题干】俄罗斯被IMF(国际货币基金组织)所误导。

【解析】根据题干关键词Russia和IMF可以定位到文章的第二段“In some regions，certain countries have suffered by adopting misguided policies，often underpressure from International Monetary Fund.First among these is Russia”，即“在有些地区，某些国家因为采取了误导性的政策而受损，通常是迫于国际货币基金组织的压力。首当其冲的国家就是俄罗斯”，所以题干信息与原文信息一致，故正确答案为A。

18

Russia was a capitalist country in the early of 1990s.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

参考答案:B 系统解析:【题干】俄罗斯在20世纪90年代早期是个资本主义国家。

【解析】利用题干关键词Russia和1990s可以定位到第二段“…Russia，which in theearly l990s tried tO embrace capitalism before first building the institutions that make capitalism work”，即“俄罗斯在20世纪90年代尝试资本主义，那时候还未建立其资本主义运营的机构”，尤其可知那时候还不是资本主义国家”，可知所以题干信息与原文信息不一致，所以答案为B。

19

Many high officials in Russia have much benefited from privatization.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

参考答案:C 系统解析:【题干】俄罗斯的许多高管从私有化之中获利。

【解析】利用题干关键词Russia和privatization可以定位到第二段“Encouraged by the IMF the World Bank and the U.S.Department of the Treasury，President Boris Yeltsin(叶利钦)’S regime privatized the state—owned industry sector…”，即“受IMF和美国财政部的支持，叶利钦总统将国有行业部分全部私有化”，但没有提到集体高官获利的事情，所以答案为c。

20

Australia is one of the biggest winners from globalization.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

参考答案:C 系统解析:【题干】澳大利亚是全球化的最大赢家。

【解析】利用题干中的专有名词Australia没有定位到相关的句子，所以题干信息在原文未提及，故答案为C。 21

China did not take IMF advice.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

参考答案:A 系统解析:【题干】中国没有采取IMF的建议。

【解析】利用题干专有名词China和IMF可以定位到第三段“China，the biggest winner from globalization，did not follow the IMF formula.”，可知“中国作为全球化的最大赢家，没有追随IMF的建议”。由此可知，题干信息与文章信息相符，因此选择A。

22

All African countries followed the IMF formul

A.

A. Right

B. Wrong

C. Not mentioned

参考答案:B 系统解析:【题干】所有非洲国家都追随了IMF的准则。

【解析】利用题干关键词African和IMF可以定位到第三段“Botswana and Uganda arealso success stories…implementing reforms that ran counter to IMF prescriptions”，即“博茨瓦纳和乌干达也获得成功……采取了与IMF建议完全不同的改革”，所以该题干信息与原文信息不一致，因而为B。 下面的短文后有两项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为第2-5段的每段选择l个最佳标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。

（责任编辑：pgl）