学位英语

根据材料，回答31-35问题。

Technology Transfer in Germany

When it comes to translating basic research into industrial success, few nations can match Germany. Since the 1940s, the nation's vast industrial base has been fed with a constant stream of new ideas and expertise from science. And though German prosperity (繁荣) has faltered (衰退) over the past decade because of the huge cost of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline, it still has an enviable record for turning ideas into profit.

Much of the reason for that success is the Fraunhofer Society, a network of research institutes that exists solely to solve industrial problems and create sought-after technologies. But today the Fraunhofer institutes have competition. Universities are taking an ever larger role in technology transfer, and technology parks are springing up all over. These efforts are being complemented by the federal programmes for pumping money into start-up companies.

Such a strategy may sound like a recipe for economic success, but it is not without its critics. These people worry that favouring applied research will mean neglecting basic science, eventually starving industry of fresh ideas. If every scientist starts thinking like an entrepreneur (企业家), the argument goes, then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity-driven, free and widely available will suffer. 'Others claim that many of the programmes to promote technology transfer are a waste of money because half the small

businesses that are promoted are bound to go bankrupt within a few years.

While this debate continues, new ideas flow at a steady rate from Germany's research networks, which bear famous names such as Helmholtz, Max Planck and Leibniz. Yet it is the fourth network, the Fraunhofer Society, that plays the greatest role in technology transfer.

Founded in 1949, the Fraunhofer Society is now Europe's largest organisation for applied technology, and has 59 institutes employing 12, 000 people. It Continues to grow. Last year, it swallowed up the Heinrich Hertz Institute for Communication Technology in Berlin. Today, there are even Fraunhofers in the US and Asi

A.

What factor can be attributed to German prosperity?

A. Technology transfer.

B. Good management.

C. Hard work.

D. Fierce competition.

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【题干】下列哪些因素推动了德国的繁荣?

【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词German prosperity可以定位到第一段“And thoughGerman prosperity has faltered over the past decade because of the hllge COSt of unifying east and west as well as the global economic decline，it still has anenviable record for turning ideas into profit”，即“尽管德国的繁荣因为统一东德和西德的巨大成本和全球经济的衰退而开始衰落，但是它仍旧因为其将想法变成利益而拥有令人羡慕的记录”，由此可知，德国繁荣的原因之一就是将想法变成利润，即把理论转化为技术，所以A为正确答案。 32

Which of the following is NOT true of traditional university research____?

A. It is free.

B. It is profit-driven.

C. It is widely available

D. It is curiosity-driven.

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【解析】细节题。利用题干关键词traditional university research可以定位到第三段“…then the traditional principles of university research being curiosity—driven，free and widely available will Suffer”，即“大学研究的传统原则，即好奇心驱动、免费的、广泛，就会受到不良影响”，所以正确答案为B。 33

The Fraunhofer Society is the largest organisation for applied technology in____

A. Asia

B. USA

C. Europe

D. Africa

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不知道此题怎么答，点击 此题如何解答? 此题考点是什么? 此题答案解析是不是不正确? 我自己来写问题 参考答案:C 系统解析:【题干】Fraunhofer组织是____最大的应用技术的组织。

【解析】细节题。利用题干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in l949，theFraunhofer Society is now Europe’s largest organisation for applied technology”.即“Fraunhofer成立于1949年，是目前欧洲最大的应用技术的组织”，所以可知答案为C。 34

When was the Fraunhofer Society founded____?

A. In 1940.

B. Last year.

C. After the unification.

D. In 1949.

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【解析】词汇题。利用题干Fraunhofer可以定位到最后一段“Founded in l949，theFraunhofer Society…”，所以D为正确答案。 35

The word "expertise" in line 3 could be best replaced by____

A. "experts"

B. "scientists"

C. "scholars"

D. "special knowledge"

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【解析】细节题。Expertise意为“专门知识，专门技术”，所以答案为D。 36

根据材料，回答36-40问题。

（责任编辑：pgl）