学位英语

第四部分：阅读理解 (第31～45题，每题3分，共45分)

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第一篇 Doubtful Ways to Reduce and Increase Your Weight

You hear this：“No wonder you are fat. All you ever do is eat. ’’You feel sad: “I skip my breakfast and supper. I run every morning and evening. What else can I do?”Basically you can do nothing．Your genes, not your life habits, determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it.

Albert Stunkard of the University of Pennsylvania found from experiments that, “80 percentof the children of two obese(肥胖的)parents become obese, as compared with no more than 14 percent of the offspring of two parents of normal weight. ”

How can obese people become normal or even thin through dieting? Well, dieting can be effective, but the health costs are tremendous. Jules Hirsch, a research physician at Rockefeller University, did a study of eight fat people. They were given a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day. After more than 10 weeks, the subjects lost 45kg on average. But after leaving the hospital, they all regained weight. The results were surprising: by metabolic(新陈代谢的)measurement, fat people who lost large amounts of weight seemed like they were starving．They had psychiatric problems．They dreamed of food or breaking their diet．They were anxious and depressed; some were suicidal. They hid food in their rooms. Researchers warn that it is possible that weight reduction doesn't result in normal weight, but in an abnormal state resembling that of starved non-obese people.

Thin people, however, suffer from the opposite: They have to make a great effort to gain weight. Ethan Sims, of the University of Vermont, got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight. In four to six months, they ate as much as they could．They succeeded in increasing their weight by 20 to 25 percent. But months after the study ended, they were back to normal weight and stayed there．

This does not mean that people are completely without hope in controlling their weight. It means that those who tend to be fat will have to constantly battle their genetic inheritance if they want to significantly lower their weight.

The findings also provide evidence for something scientists thought was true—each person has a comfortable weight range. The range might be as much as 9kg. Someone might weigh 60-69kg without too much effort. But going above or below the natural weight range is difficult. The body resists by feeling hungry or full and changing the metabolism to push the weight back to the range it seeks.

31 What determines your weight?

A Your working manner

B Your eating habit

C Your life style

D Your genes

32 What did Jules Hirsch do to the eight fat people in his study?

A He let them skip supper．

B He let them skip breakfast．

C He let them run every morning and evening．

D He gave them a liquid formula providing 600 calories a day．

33 What happened to the eight fat people after they left the hospital?

A They went mad．

B They killed themselves．

C They were back to normal weight．

D They attempted suicide.

34 Ethan Sims made his subjects_____．

A battle their genetic inheritance

B increase their weight

C suffer from hunger

D decrease their weight

35 What did scientists think was true?

A Each person has a fixed weight range.

B Each person has a weight range of 9kg.

C Each person wants to control his or her weight.

D Each person wants to eat to his or her heart’s content.

参考答案：31 D第一段里的一句话“Your genes，not your life habits，determine your weight and your body constantly tries to maintain it．”

32 D 答案在第三段的中间，Jules Hirsch给参加试验的8位胖子每天提供只含600卡路里的流质食物。至于他们是否不吃晚饭、不吃早饭，还是让他们每天早上和晚上跑步等，文中没有提到。

33 C 第三段中“But after leaving the hospital，they all regained weight.”即又获得体重。

34 B 第四段讲的是研究人员如何设法让瘦子增加体重。Ethan Sims从犯人中招募志愿者，设法让他们增加体重。Ethan Sims，of the University of Vermont，got prisoners to volunteer to gain weight．

35 A文章最后一段，科学家们的研究发现证明了他们认为正确的想法：每个人都有一个固定的体重幅度。这个幅度可能高达9公斤，但并非每个人的幅度都同样是9公斤，从而否定了干扰项B。

（责任编辑：vstara）

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