学位英语

Robots

People use more and more robots in work. The most sophisticated(先进的)Japanese robots, which have vision systems and work at very high speeds, are still based on American designs. Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe.

Although industrial robots were originally developed as devices for simply handling objects, today their commonest uses are for more skilled work like welding (焊接), spray-painting and assembling components.

In Britain, robot sales appropriately peaked in 1984, but have been declining ever since. This is partly because British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive and partly because engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.

It has been calculated that a robot uses on average about 100 times more energy than a human to do an equivalent job.

It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. This is an enormous number because comics are so popular that they make up a third of all material published in Japan.

The reliability of robots is measured in their M.T.B.F. or mean time between failures. This has risen from about 250 hours in the mid-1970s to about 10,000 hours today (equivalent to working 18 hours a day for two years.) One way robot manufacturers have increased reliability is to test every single component they buy, instead of the normal procedure of just testing a small sample.

The biggest single benefit of introducing robots claimed by Japanese companies is that they increase quality control. Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored.

1.Studied of robots from computer control software perspective, which of the following statements is true

A.Japanese technology is more advanced than American technology.

B.Europe technology is more advanced than American technology.

C.Europe technology is more advanced than Japanese technology.

D.American technology is less advanced than Europe technology.

正确答案:C

解析:问题问的是：从计算机控制软件的方面上来看机器人,下面哪个命题是真的？第一段的最后一句话：Studies of robots, particularly computer control software, are considered to be generally less advanced in Japan than in America or Europe. 是说计算机控制软件的方面上来看机器人，日本的技术没有美国和欧洲好。那么从A.B.C.D四个选项的意思来看，只有C

2.Which of the following ones is not the purpose of making industrial robots nowadays

A.Handling objects.

B.Welding.

C.Spray-painting.

D.Assembling components.

正确答案:A

解析:问题问的是：下面哪一项不是现如今制造工业机器人的目的？根据第二段可知：最初制造工业机器人的目的是为了简单的处理物体，而现在的目的是为了完成一些有技术含量的工作，例如焊接.喷漆和装配零件。所以可知A是正确答案

3.Why have robot sales been declining since 1984 in Britain

A.British wage rates are too low to make robots financially attractive.

B.Engineers now have more experience with robots and are more aware of the difficulties of introducing them effectively.

C.Not mentioned.

D.Both A and B.

正确答案:D

解析:问题问的是:为什么从1984年开始英国机器人的销量就开始下滑？根据第三段可知，部分原因是英国的工资增长率太低使得机器人在财政上没有吸引力，还有部分原因是因为工程师们对于机器人有了更多的经验，使得他们知道在有效地引进机器人方面存在困难。A和B的答案放在一起是完全的，所以选择D

4.How much percent of comic book heroes in Japan are robots

A.10%.

B.20%.

C.30%.

D.40%

正确答案:B

解析:问题问的是：日本连环画中的主人公有多少是机器人？文章第五段中的第一句话：It is estimated that 20% of all comic book heroes in Japan are robots. 可以很清楚的看出是百分之二十，所以选择B

5.According to Japanese companies，what’ s the biggest benefit of robots

A.Robots are cheaper than workers.

B.Robots can work more accurately and consistently than workers.

C.One robot can replace more than ten workers.

D.Robots do better than workers.

正确答案:B

解析:问题问的是：根据日本公司的看法，机器人最大的好处是什么？文章的最后一段：Once programmed, the robots can work more accurately and consistently than humans, who can get tired and bored. 一旦被设计了程序，机器人可以准确并持续工作，而工人则会感到疲劳和厌倦。所以B是答案。A.C和D 文章没有提到。

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