学位英语

第四部分：阅读理解（每题3分，共45分）

  下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题，每道题后面有4个选项。请仔细阅读短文并根据短文回答其后面的问题，从4个选项中选择1个最佳答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。

第1篇

Eating potatoes gives your immune system a boost

Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.

The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent. Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising.

In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw potato starch in this experiment is designed to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch”, said study leader Jose Francisco Perez at the Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona,3 Spain. 来源：中国职称英语考试网

Humans do not eat raw potatoes, but they do eat a lot of foods that contain resistant starch, such as cold boiled potatoes, legumes, grains, green bananas, pasta and cereals. About 10 percent of the starch eaten by human is resistant starch - starch that is not digested in the small intestine and so is shunted into the large intestine where it ferments. Starch consumption is thought to reduce the risk of large bowel cancer and may also have an effect on irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).4 

Immunology expert Lena Ohman’s team previously found that the overall lymphocyte levels do not vary for IBS patients, but that lymphocytes are transferred from the peripheral blood to the gut, which support the hypothesis of IBS being at least partially an inflammatory disorder. She says the decrease in lymphocytes observed by the Spanish is therefore interesting, and a diet of resistant starch may be worth trying in IBS patients. Ohman is currently at the Department of Internal Medicine, Goteborg University, Sweden.5  The study is published in the journal Chemistry and Industry, the magazine of the SCI.6

1.What a form of potato is the most nutrient to the human body?

A) Potato soup.

B) Potato cake.

C) Potato salad.来源：中国职称英语考试网

D) Hot boiled potato.

2.  What does the reduction in leucocyte levels in the body mean?

A) It may mean the reduced levels of inflammation.

B) It may mean somewhere in the body is inflamed.

C) It means that the body is challenged.

D) It means that the body cannot produce leucocytes any more.

3.  For what a purpose did the researchers use raw potato starch in their experiment?

A)They wanted to observe how the leucocyte levels reduced in the experimental pigs?

B)They wanted to simulate the effects of a diet high in resistant starch.

C)They wanted to see how much potato an experimental pig ate every day.

D)They wanted to see how much body weight each experimental pig gained in the end.

4. All of the following foods are rich in resistant starch EXCEPT __________.

A) Pasta

B) Grains

C) Legumes来源：中国职称英语考试网

D) Vegetables

5.What a kind of starch is resistant starch after all?

A)It may cause irritable bowel syndrome.

B) It may bring about at least partially inflammatory disorder.

C) It may raise leucocyte and lymphocyte levels in the body.

D) It cannot be digested in the small intestine and ferments in the large intestine.
 
　标准答案：C,A,B,D,D  来源：中国职称英语考试网
 
  解 析：1．C． 细节题。 利用问题句中以最高级的形式出现的修饰结构及细节信息结构（the most nutrient, human body）及被选项中的细节信息词(A: soup; B: cake; C: salad; D: boiled potato)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
(第一段)Eating potatoes is not only（不仅...而且...） good for（对...有益） bowel（肠） health（健康）, but also for the whole（所有的，整个的） immune （免疫的）system（系统）, especially（尤其） when they come（来， 出现） in the form of （以...的形式）a potato salad or eaten cold（冷的，不热情的， 感冒）.  In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.
答案相关句说，“吃土豆有益于肠道健康，而且对整个免疫系统也有益，尤其是吃土豆色拉，等土豆凉下来的时候吃”，因此C是答案。来源：中国职称英语考试网

2. A。 细节题。 利用问题句中的细节信息词（leucocyte）及被选项中的细节信息词和修饰词（A：inflammation, B: inflamed； d: leucocyte）共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
（第一题答案相关句）Eating potatoes is not only good for bowel health, but also for the whole immune system, especially when they come in the form of a potato salad or eaten cold. In a study on an animal model, researchers in Spain found that pigs fed large quantities of raw potato starch (RPS)1 not only had a healthier bowel, but also decreased levels of white blood cells, such as leucocytes and lymphocytes in their blood. White blood cells are produced as a result of inflammation or disease, generally when the body is challenged.
The general down-regulation（下调）（与问题句中的核心词reduction词义相关） of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte （白细胞）levels （这个结构是问题句中的核心结构）was about 15 percent（百分之...）. Lower（较低的） lymphocyte levels are also indicative of（显示） reduced（减少的） levels（水平） of inflammation（炎症）, but the observed（被观察到的） reduction in both lymphocyte（淋巴细胞） density（密度） and lymphocyte（淋巴细胞） apoptosis（细胞自然死亡） is surprising（令人感到吃惊的）.
答案相关句（第二段第三句）说“淋巴细胞水平低显示炎症水平下降”，故其它B、C、D三个选项均不正确。

3．B． 细节题。利用问题句中的细节信息结构（raw potato starch）及被选项中的细节信息词(A: leucocyte, B: resistant starch; C: experimental pig; D: body weight)共同作为答案线索， 在文章中查找答案相关句：
The general down-regulation of leucocytes observed by the Spanish researchers suggests an overall beneficial effect, a generally more healthy body.2 The reduction in leucocyte levels was about 15 percent.（第2题的答案相关句） Lower lymphocyte levels are also indicative of reduced levels of inflammation, but the observed reduction in both lymphocyte density and lymphocyte apoptosis is surprising. 来源：中国职称英语考试网
（第3段）In what was the longest study of its kind, pigs were fed RPS over 14 weeks to find out the effect of starch on bowel health. “The use of raw（没有加工

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