汉译英是我历来推崇的练习方式,提高英语表达能力的效果立竿见影,因为它逼着你把脑子里的中文扳过来。一天一句汉译英练习,一年下来,你在词汇、语法、遣词造句等各个方面都会有惊人的飞跃。欢迎大家轰炸我的邮箱 shelfom@163.com. 我帮你润色润色,再给你发回去,你对比一下,背熟。我想这大概是提高英语水平最快的方法了。不客气,不客气。
四级的翻译属于综合测试部分,考试时间只有五分钟,占的分值亦微不足道。平心而论,这几道题难度并不高,也就是高中水平的翻译。其实,这种题型根本不配叫翻译,充其量是造句练习。
大英四级以前考过两次英译汉,已经没有研究价值。我们从2006年6月的新题型(汉译英)开始着手。到目前为止,这种题一共考了三次。每次五道,一共15道题。我们把这15道题归纳成三大考点:语法结构 (grammar)、重点单词 (key words)、固定搭配 (set structures)。
一.语法结构(grammar):考了九道,非常重要。考察的语法点:动名词、虚拟语气、倒装、状语从句(最常考)、定语从句。
1.动名词 (gerund ):一道。
87. Having spent some time in the city, he had no trouble finding the way to the history museum. (找到去历史博物馆的路) (2006. 6 )
强化例句:After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. <新概念英语> Its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it <新概念英语>
预测:2007年12月很可能会考不定式(infinitive)。也该考人家不定式了。
2.虚拟语气(subjunctive mood):一道。
89. The victim might have survived (本来会有机会活下来) if he had been taken to hospital in time. (2006. 12 )
强化例句:If, at the time, the British had not feared invasion, it would have been completed. <新概念英语>
预测:2007年12月很可能会考一道虚拟现在的句子,如:If dad were alive, he would be horrified. <新概念英语>
3.倒装 (inversion):样题:
Not only did he overcharge me (他向我收费过高), but he didn’t do a good repair job either.
考点:Not only 引起的部分倒装 (助动词提前)
正常结构:He not only overcharged me, but he didn’t do a good repair job either.
强化例句:Only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. <新概念英语>
4.状语从句(adverbial clauses):六道。重要考点。
1) 目的状语 (adverbial clauses of purpose):一道。
88. In order to make money to support my schooling, Mother often takes on more work than is good for her.(2006. 6)
强化例句:This time he was barking so that someone would let him out. <新概念英语>
2) 让步状语 (adverbial clauses of concession):一道。
91. Though a skilled worker, he was fired by the company (他被公司解雇了) last week because of the economic crisis.(2006. 6)
强化例句:No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. <新概念英语>
3) 时间状语 (adverbial clauses of time):一道。
90. Some psychologists claim that people may feel lonely when they’re away from home. (出门在外时可能会感到孤独)(2006. 12 )
强化例句:They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open.<新概念英语>
4) 条件状语 (adverbial clauses of condition):一道。
91. Please come here at ten tomorrow morning if it’s convenient for you. (如果你方便的话) (2007. 6.)
强化例句:If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it! <新概念英语>
5) 比较状语 (结构) (adverbial clauses of comparison or comparative constructions ):两道。
88. Since my childhood I have found that to me, nothing is more interesting than reading. (没有什么比读书对我更有吸引力) (2006. 12)
强化例句:Nothing could have been more annoying. <新概念英语>
90. The more you explain, the more confused I am (我愈糊涂).(2006. 6)
强化例句:The older I get, the happier I am. <新编英语语法教程>
预测:2007年12月很可能会考结果状语(adverbial of result)、原因状语(adverbial of reason)、方式状语(adverbial of manner)、地点状语(adverbial of place)。
5.定语从句 (attributive clauses):一道。
88. The prevention and treatment of AIDS is the field (where) we can cooperate. (我们可以合作的领域 ) (2007.6)
强化例句:It has been used to detect gold which has been buried in the ground. <新概念英语>
预测:会越来越多。
三、特殊信息点在快速阅读中的运用
所谓“特殊信息点”是指那些很容易在文章中识别的词汇,诸如,时间,数字,大写字母等形式的语言点。这些形式的表达一方面很容易识别出来,另一方面,这些信息点的表现的一般都是文章的琐碎信息,对于主旨的理解和把握而言,不过是更进一步论证而已。因此,可以忽略这些信息的阅读。如果后面测试的题点中确实涉及到了,再回来细读也无妨,毕竟它们的表现形式非常利于查找和定位判断。
如样题中“How Much Trash Is Generated?”一段中:
Of the 210 million tons of trash, or solid waste, generated in the United States annually, about 56 million tons, or 27 percent, is either recycled (glass, paper products, plastic, metals) or composted (做成堆肥) (yard waste).
再如样题中“How Is Trash Disposed of”一段中:
The trash production in the United States has almost tripled since 1960. This trash is handled in various ways. About 27 percent of the trash is recycled or composted, 16 percent is burned and 57 percent is buried in landfills. The amount of trash buried in landfills has doubled since 1960.
我们注意到上面的描述中充斥了大量的数字性的词汇,可以判断该部分信息为具体的描述,在处理的时候,可以放弃阅读。
四、寻读在快速阅读中的运用
寻读的目的主要是有目标地去找出文中某些特定的信息,也就是说,在对文章有所了解(即略读)后,在文章中查找与某一问题、某一观点或某一单词有关的信息,寻找解题的可靠依据。寻读时,要以很快的速度扫视文章,确定所查询的信息范围。值得庆幸的是,在四级快速阅读的测试文章中,已经有了明确的小标题,这就能够帮助我们很快地锁定解题范围。同时,还应该注意题目中体现出的所查信息的特点。如:问题或填空的句子中涉及到人名、地名,则主要寻找首字母大写的单词;有关日期、数目的问题,则主要查找具体数字;有关某个事件、某种观点等,就需要寻找与此相关的关键词,而与所查信息无关的内容可一掠而过。
如样题第6题:In the United States the building of landfills is the job of both federal and local governments.
在判断时,一些特殊的用词,“United States”,“building of landfills”都提示我们顺利找到原文的“In the United States, taking care of trash and building landfills are local government responsibilities.”来判断正误。
随后的第9题:To dispose of a ton of trash in a landfill, customers have to pay a tipping fee of . 则可以通过“customers”、“ tipping fee”找到原文“Customers are charged tipping fees for using the site. The tipping fees vary from $10 to $40 per ton.”来填写空格。
总的来说,从最新的样题来看,快速阅读理解部分由于其篇幅长,题目灵活,会让考生感觉无从下手。但是,对于该题型我们有一个清晰的概念,那就是快速阅读测试的重点就是考生在短时间内获取篇章主旨和特定信息的能力,因此,它更强调了正确的阅读方法和技巧的贯彻。只要我们掌握一定的方法,培养好的阅读习惯,还是很容易在一段时间内取得满意的成绩
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