比较型作文之11分作文
比较型作文一般分为说明式比较和议论式比较两种。说明式比较在比较过程中，作者不发表个人意见，在文中不体现个人取向，单纯以说明介绍为目的。在四、六级考试中的比较型作文多以议论式比较的形式出现。议论式比较以比较事物优劣、阐明自己立场为目的，一般分为倾向型和中立型两种类型。11分作文只是在8分作文的基础上进行改进，通过篇章的连贯、句型的优化来实现。
一、连贯性
连贯性是写作的一个重要原则。句子之间的链接主要通过衔接词的使用体现连贯性，根据过渡衔接词在篇章中的作用，可分为引介词、承接词和总结词三大类：
1. 引介词在篇章中担当引出话题或观点的作用，根据其本身的含义，可细分如下：
（1）时间词（组）：nowadays,at present,recently,now ,lately,in some cases;
（2）一般观点词（组）：in general,generally,generally spraking,as we know,as is known to all,as is generally accepted,regarding,concerning,as for... as to ..., as regards;
（3）个人观点词（组）：firstly,first of all ,in the firest place, to begin with , to start with , for one thing, as for me, in my opinion, on the one hand;
2.承接词在篇章中承接主题句或上一个支持句，可表递进或转折，根据其本身的含义，可分如下：
纯粹承接词：second(ly),third(ly),for another,on the other hand;
递进承接词：besides,in addition, in addition to ,furthermore,moreover,namely;
并列承接词：meanwhile,at the same time;
原因承接词：because,for , as, in that,owing to,due to ,on accout of,on the groud of , as a result of;
比较承接词：equally important,similarly,likewise,in the same way,in common;
对比承接词：on the contrary, in contrast , by contrast , whereas,instead, conversely;
强调承接词：in paricular, paricularly,most important of all,needless to say,especially,above all,on top of all this;
转折让步承接词：although,though,nevertheless, however,but,yet , admittedly, it is true... but, in spite of , even though, granted that , despite, in spite of , unfortunately,nonetheless;
总结词在篇章中推出结论和后果：
(1) 结果词：thus , consequently,hence, therefore, accordingly,as a consequence, for this reason;
(2) 总结词：in a word, all in all ,to sum up, briefly,in brief,in short,in summary,undoubtedly,by and large , as has been noted.
具有相似意义和功能的衔接词在上下文可以灵活替换。
二、常用句型
1、首段常用句型：
Nowadays,there are two ways to do..., such as A and B.
It is widely accepted / an undeniable fact that...
Some people prefer A... while others...
There used to be a heated discussion over whether A is more important than B.
Those who are in favor of A argue that...
In my point of view, I like a much more than B.
Despite the fact that majority of people tend to / prefer to ... , I'm in favor of...
A and B are of the same / equal importance.While the former ... , the later ....
While I attach much importance to A, I won't give up any chance to do B.
2、主体部分常用句型：
A prides itself / themselves on sth however, its / their ... counterpart / B...
First and foremost, ... what's more,... Last but not least,...
Ranging from ... to ...（用于举例事物）
When it comes to ... （用于引出话题）
A's merits mean nothing when B's advantages are considered / mentioned
Admittedly, / of course, / True, / It is true that A is..., but B...
However, for the demerits / disadvantages A has , it has the advantage that...
3、结尾段常用句型：
As a result /For this reason, I like doing...
In spite of the said advantages of A, I will choose B...
Of course,A has its own merits.But I'm still in favor of B.
Therefore,A and B are of equal importance. The former helps to do..., and the latter contributes to...
The secret of ... lies in the combination of both A and B.
作业：（以下为一篇8分范文，请练习变换句型，按要求改写成句型结构漂亮的11分作文）
It is often difficult for a student to decide whether he shall have roommates or not .In my oopinion, having roommates is always better.
要求：在粗体句中体现转折关系；且用让步句型体现于室友同住的优点多于缺点。
Some students don't like having rommates. They think several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way. We have the chance to learn to adjust the subtle relationships. Solving trivial problems will enrich our experience and help us understand others and learn to be considerate.
要求：1、把蓝色粗体中的2句改写成用" those who"句型的复杂句；
2、在红色粗体句中体现转折关系，并用表示最高级意义的" No better chance could be found to do ..."句型改写。
The incomparable advantage is that living together offers an excellent chance of cooperation. Planning a party single-handedly may be a boring and difficult job. Our roommates'help makes it enjoyable and easy . Combining every member's wit and talent together, we may do anything perfectly.
要求：1、在蓝色粗体句中体现于第二段的递进关系；
2、在绿色粗体句中体现列举关系；
3、把红色粗体句改写成" Nothing could be ... without..."的双重否定结构，并体现转折关系。
I regard rooming together as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of learning cooperation and understanding . And I confidently believe that such experience will be helpful in one's later life.
要求：把蓝色粗体句缩短成简单句，以符合“复杂句+ 简单句”的长短句交替出现的结构。
参考答案：
I It is often difficult for a student to decide whether he shall have roommates or not .However,in my oopinion, the advantages of having roommates outweigh its disadvantages.
Those who don't like having roommates argue that several people living together causes some unpleasantness because every person has his or her own way. On the contrary, no better chance could be found here to learn how to adjust the subtle relationships solving trivial problems will,in the long run, enrich our experience and help us understand others and learn to be considerate.
Moreover, the incomparable advantage is that living together offers an excellent chance of cooperation. For example,Planning a party single-handedly may be a boring and difficult job. However, nothing could be so enjoyable and easy without our roommates’ help. Combining every member's wit and talent together, we may do anything perfectly.
I regard rooming together as a precious opportunity for it is the best way of learning cooperation and understanding . Such experience will be helpful in one's later life.
（责任编辑：）
