英语四级考试词汇基础提高讲义

第一部分：大学英语四级机考介绍

第二部分：词汇基础
一、单词记忆方法
1.遗忘发生的规律：艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线图
2.及时复习记忆单词
3.遗忘的原因：干扰(interference)还是消退(decay)?
前摄抑制与倒摄抑制
4.黑白记忆法
5.利用构词法提高记忆效率
6.少食多餐 7.联想记忆
8.集中强化学习英语的作用
Give a man a fish and he eats for a day.
Teach him how to fish and he eats for a lifetime.
二、单词的辐射作用
一)单词在写作中的作用
Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bags
1) 一次性塑料袋曾广为使用
2) 由此带来的问题
3) 限制使用一次性塑料袋的意义
A serious problem our country has been faced with is the widespread use of disposable plastic bags in the past. These bags could be seen everywhere, from restaurants to department stores, and from university campuses to school children’s playgrounds.
It goes without saying that these bags have brought about a wide variety of problems. In the first place, they pollute our environment because, as everyone knows, it takes the bags hundreds of years to disintegrate. Meanwhile, they emit dangerous gases when burned. In the second place, it is a huge waste if we do not use these bags again. This goes against the grains of “sustainable development”. Last but not least, these bags make our cities dirty, which is the reason why they are called “white pollution”.
We can benefit a lot from limiting the use of these bags. First of all, a lot of natural resources will be saved if fewer plastic bags are used. Furthermore, our environment will be made much more beautiful, which can help us to build a “harmonious society”.
The Digital Age Section B
Global warming may or may not be the great environmental crisis of the 21st century, but—regardless of whether it is or isn’t—we won’t do much about it. We will argue over it and may even, as a nation, make some fairly solemn-sounding commitments to avoid it. But the more dramatic and meaningful these commitments seem, the less likely they are to be observed.
Al Gore calls global warming an “inconvenient truth”, as if merely recognizing it could put us on a path to a solution. But the real truth is that we don’t know enough to relieve global warming, and—without major technological breakthroughs—we can’t do much about it.
From 2003 to 2050, the world’s population is projected to grow from 6.4 billion to 9.1 billion, a 42% increase. If energy use per person and technology remain the same, total energy use and greenhouse gas emissions (mainly, CO2) will be 42% higher in 2050. But that’s too low, because societies that grow richer use more energy. We need economic growth unless we condemn the world’s poor to their present poverty and freeze everyone else’s living standards. With modest growth, energy use and greenhouse emissions more than double by 2050.
No government will adopt rigid restrictions on economic growth and personal freedom (limits on electricity usage, driving and travel) that might cut back global warming. Still, politicians want to show they’re “doing something”. Consider the Kyoto Protocol(京都议定书). It allowed countries that joined to punish those that didn’t. But it hasn’t reduced CO2 emissions (up about 25% since 1990), and many signatories(签字国)didn’t adopt tough enough policies to hit their 2008-2012 targets.
The practical conclusion is that if global warming is a potential disaster, the only solution is new technology. Only an aggressive research and development program might find ways of breaking our dependence on fossil fuels or dealing with it.
The trouble with the global warming debated is that it has become a moral problem when it’s really an engineering one. The inconvenient truth is that if we don’t solve the engineering problem, we’re helpless.
1. What is said about global warming in the first paragraph?
A) It may not prove an environment crisis at all.
B) It is an issue requiring worldwide commitments.
C) Serious steps have been taken to avoid or stop it.

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