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一、推进互联网发展与普及

I. Endeavors to Spur the Development and Application of the Internet

中国政府和人民以积极的姿态迎接互联网时代的到来。在20世纪80年代中后期，中国的科研人员和学者就在国外同行的帮助下，积极尝试利用互联网。在1992年、1993年国际互联网年会等场合，中国计算机界的专家学者曾多次提出接入国际互联网的要求，并得到国际同行们的理解与支持。1994年4月，在美国华盛顿召开中美科技合作联委会会议期间，中国代表与美国国家科学基金会最终就中国接入国际互联网达成一致意见。1994年4月20日，北京中关村地区教育与科研示范网接入国际互联网的64K专线开通，实现了与国际互联网的全功能连接，这标志着中国正式接入国际互联网。

China’s government and people warmly greeted the advent of the Internet era. In the mid- and late-1980s, Chinese researchers and scholars began to explore the use of the Internet with the assistance of overseas colleagues. At both the 1992 and the 1993 INET annual conferences, Chinese computer specialists called for Internet access for the Chinese public as a whole, which received support from their overseas colleagues. During the Sino-US Joint Committee of Science and Technology meeting held in Washington in April 1994, the Chinese representatives reached a consensus with the US National Academy of Sciences on China’s access to the Internet. On April 20 a pilot network to serve education and scientific research was linked to the Internet via the 64K special line in Beijing’s Zhongguancun district. This full-function connection marked China’s formal access to the Internet.

中国把发展互联网作为推进改革开放和现代化建设事业的重大机遇。中国政府先后制定了一系列政策，规划互联网发展，明确互联网阶段性发展重点，推进社会信息化进程。1993年，中国成立国家经济信息化联席会议，负责领导国家公用经济信息通信网建设。1997年，制定《国家信息化“九五”规划和2010年远景目标》，将互联网列入国家信息基础设施建设，提出通过大力发展互联网产业，推进国民经济信息化进程。2002年，颁布《国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划信息化专项规划》，确定中国信息化发展的重点包括推行电子政务、振兴软件产业、加强信息资源开发利用、加快发展电子商务等。2002年11月，中国共产党第十六次全国代表大会提出，以信息化带动工业化，以工业化促进信息化，走出一条新型工业化路子。2005年11月，制定了《国家信息化发展战略(2006-2020年)》，进一步明确了互联网发展的重点，提出围绕调整经济结构和转变经济增长方式，推进国民经济信息化;围绕提高治国理政能力，推行电子政务;围绕构建和谐社会，推进社会信息化等。2006年3月，全国人民代表大会审议通过《国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年规划纲要》，提出推进电信网、广播电视网和互联网三网融合，构建下一代互联网，加快商业化应用。2007年4月，中国共产党中央政治局会议提出大力发展网络文化产业，发展网络文化信息装备制造业。2007年10月，中国共产党第十七次全国代表大会确立“发展现代产业体系，大力推进信息化与工业化融合，促进工业由大变强”的发展战略。2010年1月，国务院决定加快推进电信网、广播电视网和互联网三网融合，促进信息和文化产业发展。在中国政府的积极推动及明确的政策引导下，中国互联网逐步走上全面、持续、快速发展之路。

China takes Internet development as a significant opportunity to boost its reform and opening-up policies and modernization drive. The government has worked out a series of policies for Internet development, defining the phased priorities to boost IT application across the country.

In 1993 the State Economic Informationization Joint Meeting was initiated to lead the construction of a national network of public economic information. In 1997 the Ninth Five-Year Plan for State Informationization and the Long-range Objective of the Year 2010 was formulated, which listed the Internet as part of the state information infrastructure, and set the goal of pushing forward national economic informationization by vigorous development of the Internet industry. In 2002 the Specialized Plan for Informationization in the Tenth Five-Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development was promulgated, which defined China’s priorities in this regard, including promotion of e-government, vigorous development of software industry, strengthening of development and utilization of information resources, and acceleration of the development of e-commerce. In November 2002 the 16th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC) set the goal of “using IT to propel industrialization, which will in turn stimulate IT application, blazing a new trail to industrialization.” In November 2005 the State Informationization Strategy (2006-2020) was formulated, which further clarified the priorities of Internet development as promoting national economic informationization while adjusting the economic structure and transforming the pat-terns of economic growth; building e-government while enhancing the capability of governance; and spurring the informationization of social services while building a harmonious society.

In March 2006 the National People’s Congress (NPC) reviewed and adopted the Outline of the 11th Five-Year Plan for National Eco-nomic and Social Development, which envisaged the speeding up of the integration of the networks of telecommunication, radio, television and the Internet, to build the next-generation Internet and accelerate its commercial application. In April 2007 the Politburo of the CPC Cen-tral Committee decided to build up a cyber culture industry and the production of relevant facilities. In October 2007 the 17th National Congress of the CPC developed the strategy of “developing a modern industrial system, integrating IT application with industrialization, and turning scale-oriented industries into strength-oriented industries.” In January 2010 the State Council decided to accelerate the integration of the networks of telecommunication, radio, television and the Internet, so as to promote the development of the information and culture in-dustries. Thanks to government support and definite policy guidance, the Internet has been led onto a track of comprehensive, sustained and rapid development in China.

中国投入大量资金建设互联网基础设施。1997年至2009年，全国共完成互联网基础设施建设投资4.3万亿元人民币，建成辐射全国的通信光缆网络，总长度达826.7万公里，其中长途光缆线路84万公里。到2009年底，中国基础电信企业互联网宽带接入端口已达1.36亿个，互联网国际出口带宽达866，367Gbps，拥有7条登陆海缆、20条陆缆，总容量超过1，600Gb。中国99.3%的乡镇和91.5%的行政村接通了互联网，96.0%的乡镇接通了宽带。2009年1月，中国政府开始发放第三代移动通信(3G)牌照，目前3G网络已基本覆盖全国。移动互联网正快速发展，互联网将惠及更广泛的人群。

China has injected enormous sums of money into Internet infra-structure construction. From 1997 to 2009 a total of 4.3 trillion yuan was invested in this regard, building a nationwide optical communication network with a total length of 8.267 million km. Of that, 840,000 km was long-distance optical cables. By the end of 2009 Chinese basic telecommunications companies had 136 million broadband Internet access ports, and international outlet bandwidth was 866,367 Gbps, with seven land-submarine cables and 20 land cables, that had a combined capacity exceeding 1,600 Gb. That ensured Internet access to 99.3% of Chinese towns and 91.5% of villages, and broadband to 96.0% of the towns. In January 2009 the government began to issue third-generation (3G) licenses to mobile service suppliers. Today, 3G network covers almost the whole country. Along with the swift expansion of the mobile Internet, more people will benefit from this

（责任编辑：中大编辑）

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