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I am optimistic that we can do this, but I talk to skeptics who claim there is

no hope. They say: "Inequity has been with us since the beginning, and will be

with us till the end ? because people just…don't…care." I completely disagree.

在这个问题上，我是乐观的。但是，我也遇到过那些感到绝望的怀疑主义者。他们说：“不平等从人类诞生的第一天就存在，到人类灭亡的最后一天也将存在。——因为人类对这个问题根本不在乎。”我完全不能同意这种观点。

I believe we have more caring than we know what to do with.

我相信，问题不是我们不在乎，而是我们不知道怎么做。

All of us here in this Yard, at one time or another, have seen human tragedies

that broke our hearts, and yet we did nothing--not because we didn't care, but

because we didn't know what to do. If we had known how to help, we would have

acted.

此刻在这个院子里的所有人，生命中总有这样或那样的时刻，目睹人类的悲剧，感到万分伤心。但是我们什么也没做，并非我们无动于衷，而是因为我们不知道做什么和怎么做。如果我们知道如何做是有效的，那么我们就会采取行动。

The barrier to change is not too little caring; it is too much complexity.

改变世界的阻碍，并非人类的冷漠，而是世界实在太复杂。

To turn caring into action, we need to see a problem, see a solution, and see

the impact. But complexity blocks all three steps.

为了将关心转变为行动，我们需要找到问题，发现解决办法的方法以及评估后果。但是世界的复杂性使得这三步都难于做到。

If we can really see a problem, which is the first step, we come to the second

step: cutting through the complexity to find a solution.

就算我们真正发现了问题所在，也不过是迈出了第一步，接着还有第二步：那就是从复杂的事件中找到解决办法。

Finding solutions is essential if we want to make the most of our caring. If we

have clear and proven answers anytime an organization or individual asks "How

can I help?," then we can get action--and we can make sure that none of the

caring in the world is wasted. But complexity makes it hard to mark a path of

action for everyone who cares--and that makes it hard for their caring to

matter.

如果我们要让关心落到实处，我们就必须找到解决办法。如果我们有一个清晰的和可靠的答案，那么当任何组织和个人发出疑问“如何我能提供帮助”的时候，我们就能采取行动。我们就能够保证不浪费一丁点全世界人类对他人的关心。但是，世界的复杂性使得很难找到对全世界每一个有爱心的人都有效的行动方法，因此人类对他人的关心往往很难产生实际效果。

Cutting through complexity to find a solution runs through four predictable

stages: determine a goal, find the highest-leverage approach, discover the ideal

technology for that approach, and in the meantime, make the smartest application

of the technology that you already have--whether it's something sophisticated,

like a drug, or something simpler, like a bednet.

从这个复杂的世界中找到解决办法，可以分为四个步骤：确定目标，找到最高效的方法，发现适用于这个方法的新技术，同时最聪明地利用现有的技术，不管它是复杂的药物，还是最简单的蚊帐。

The AIDS epidemic offers an example. The broad goal, of course, is to end the

disease. The highest-leverage approach is prevention. The ideal technology would

be a vaccine that gives lifetime immunity with a single dose. So governments,

drug companies, and foundations fund vaccine research. But their work is likely

to take more than a decade, so in the meantime, we have to work with what we

have in hand--and the best prevention approach we have now is getting people to

avoid risky behavior.

艾滋病就是一个例子。总的目标，毫无疑问是消灭这种疾病。最高效的方法是预防。最理想的技术是发明一种疫苗，只要注射一次，就可以终生免疫。所以，政府、制药公司、基金会应该资助疫苗研究。但是，这样研究工作很可能十年之内都无法完成。因此，与此同时，我们必须使用现有的技术，目前最有效的预防方法就是设法让人们避免那些危险的行为。

Pursuing that goal starts the four-step cycle again. This is the pattern. The

crucial thing is to never stop thinking and working--and never do what we did

with malaria and tuberculosis in the 20th century--which is to surrender to

complexity and quit.

要实现这个新的目标，又可以采用新的四步循环。这是一种模式。关键的东西是永远不要停止思考和行动。我们千万不能再犯上个世纪在疟疾和肺结核上犯过的错误，那时我们因为它们太复杂，而放弃了采取行动。

The final step--after seeing the problem and finding an approach--is to measure

the impact of your work and share your successes and failures so that others

learn From your efforts.

在发现问题和找到解决方法之后，就是最后一步——评估工作结果，将你的成功经验或者失败经验传播出去，这样其他人就可以从你的努力中有所收获。

You have to have the statistics, of course. You have to be able to show that a

program is vaccinating millions more children. You have to be able to show a

decline in the number of children dying From these diseases. This is essential

not just to improve the program, but also to help draw more investment From

business and government.

当然，你必须有一些统计数字。你必须让他人知道，你的项目为几百万儿童新接种了疫苗。你也必须让他人知道，儿童死亡人数下降了多少。这些都是很关键的，不仅有利于改善项目效果，也有利于从商界和政府得到更多的帮助。

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