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四、管理互联网的基本原则与实践

IV. Basic Principles and Practices of Internet Administration

中国坚持依法管理、科学管理和有效管理互联网，努力完善法律规范、行政监管、行业自律、技术保障、公众监督和社会教育相结合的互联网管理体系。中国管理互联网的基本目标是，促进互联网的普遍、无障碍接入和持续健康发展，依法保障公民网上言论自由，规范互联网信息传播秩序，推动互联网积极有效应用，创造有利于公平竞争的市场环境，保障宪法和法律赋予的公民权益，保障网络信息安全和国家安全。

China adheres to scientific and effective Internet administration by law, strives to improve an Internet administration system combining laws and regulations, administrative supervision, self-regulation, technical protection, public supervision and social education. The basic goals of China’s Internet administration are to promote general and hassle-free Internet accessibility, and sustainable and healthy development, guarantee citizens’ freedom of speech online, regulate the order of Internet information transmission, promote the positive and effective application of the Internet, create a market environment for fair competition, guarantee the citizens’ rights and interests vested in the Constitution and law, and guarantee safety for Internet information and state security.

中国依法管理互联网。1994年以来，中国颁布了一系列与互联网管理相关的法律法规，主要包括《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于维护互联网安全的决定》、《中华人民共和国电子签名法》、《中华人民共和国电信条例》、《互联网信息服务管理办法》、《中华人民共和国计算机信息系统安全保护条例》、《信息网络传播权保护条例》、《外商投资电信企业管理规定》、《计算机信息网络国际联网安全保护管理办法》、《互联网新闻信息服务管理规定》、《互联网电子公告服务管理规定》等。《中华人民共和国刑法》、《中华人民共和国民法通则》、《中华人民共和国著作权法》、《中华人民共和国未成年人保护法》、《中华人民共和国治安管理处罚法》等法律的相关条款适用于互联网管理。中国坚持审慎立法、科学立法，为互联网发展预留空间。相关法律法规涉及互联网基础资源管理、信息传播规范、信息安全保障等主要方面，对基础电信业务经营者、互联网接入服务提供者、互联网信息服务提供者、政府管理部门及互联网用户等行为主体的责任与义务作出了规定。法律保障公民的通信自由和通信秘密，同时规定，公民在行使自由和权利的时候，不得损害国家、社会、集体的利益和其他公民的合法的自由和权利，任何组织或个人不得利用电信网络从事危害国家安全、社会公共利益或者他人合法权益的活动。

China regulates the Internet by law. Since 1994 China has enacted a series of laws and regulations concerning Internet administration, including the Decision of the National People’s Congress Standing Committee on Guarding Internet Security, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Electronic Signatures, Regulations on Telecommunications of the People’s Republic of China, Measures on the Administration of Internet Information Services, Regulations on the Protection of Computer Information System Security of the People’s Republic of China, Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Online Dissemination of Information, Provisions on the Administration of Foreign-funded Tele-communications Enterprises, Measures on the Administration of Security Protection of the International Networking of Computer Information Networks, Provisions on the Administration of Internet News Information Services, and Provisions on the Administration of Electronic Bulletin Services via the Internet, among others. Relevant provisions of the Criminal Law of the People’s Republic of China, General Principles of the Civil Law of the People’s Republic of China, Copyright Law of the People’s Republic of China, Law of the People’s Republic of China on the Protection of Minors, Law of the People’s Republic of China on Punishments in Public Order and Security Administration and other laws are applicable in the case of Internet administration.

China adheres to rational and scientific law-making, and reserves space for Internet development. Relevant laws and regulations pertaining to basic Internet resource management, information transmission regulation, information security guarantee and other key aspects define the responsibilities and obligations of basic telecommunication business operators, Internet access service providers, Internet information service providers, government administrative organs, Internet users and other related bodies. The citizens’ freedom and privacy of correspondence is protected by law, which stipulates at the same time that while exercising such freedom and rights, citizens are not allowed to infringe upon state, social and collective interests or the legitimate freedom and rights of other citizens. No organization or individual may utilize telecommunication networks to engage in activities that jeopardize state security, the public interest or the legitimate rights and interests of other people.

政府在互联网管理中发挥主导作用。政府有关部门根据法定职责，依法维护公民权益、公共利益和国家安全。国家通信管理部门负责互联网行业管理，包括对中国境内互联网域名、IP地址等互联网基础资源的管理。依据《互联网信息服务管理办法》，中国对经营性互联网信息服务实行许可制度，对非经营性互联网信息服务实行备案制度。国家新闻、出版、教育、卫生等部门依据《互联网信息服务管理办法》，对“从事新闻、出版、教育、医疗保健、药品和医疗器械等互联网信息服务”实行许可制度。公安机关等国家执法部门负责互联网安全监督管理，依法查处打击各类网络违法犯罪活动。

The Chinese government plays the leading role in Internet administration. Relevant government bodies, according to their statutory du-ties, safeguard Chinese citizens’ rights and interests, public interests and state security by law. The state telecommunications administration department is responsible for the administration of the Internet industry, including the administration of basic resources of the Internet such as domain names, IP addresses within China. Abiding by the Measures on the Administration of Internet Information Services, the state practices a licensing system for commercial Internet information services and a registration system for non-commercial Internet information services. According to the Measures, state press, publication, education, health and other administrative departments practice licensing systems for “Internet information services concerning press, publication, education, medical care, medicines and medical instruments.” Public security organs and other state law-enforcement agencies bear the responsibility for Internet security supervision and administration, and investigate and punish all types of network crimes.

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