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Questions 11~15

5 Steps to Living Longer

1 Watch Your Temper

Scientists have long believed that Type A's—those people driven by ambition, hard work and tight deadlines—were most prone to heart attacks. But it's not striving for goals that leads to disease; rather, it's being hostile, angry and cynical.

Suggests Mittleman: if stress mounts so high that you begin snapping at people, “Ask yourself,'Is it worth having a heart attack over this?'”

2 Lighten Your Dark Moods

for years, evidence linking depression to an increased risk of heart attack has been growing. Johns Hopkins researchers interviewed 1551 people who were free of heart disease in the early 1980s and again 14 years later. Those who reported having experienced major depression were four times as likely to have a heart attack as those who had not been depressed.

Exercise is an often overlooked antidepressant. In a study at Duke University, 60 percent of clinically depressed people who took a brisk 30- minute walk or jog at least three times a week were no longer depressed after 16 weeks.

3 Flatten That Belly

More than 50 years ago French scientist Jean Vague noted that people with a lot of upper- body fat （those who looked like apples rather than pears） often developed heart disease, diabetes and other ailments. But it wasn't until the introduction of CT and MRI scans that doctors discovered that a special kind of fat,visceral fat,located within the abdomen, was strongly linked to these diseases.

According to the National Institutes of Health, there's trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or more if you're a woman, and 40 inches or more if you re a man. And that's regardless of height.

4 Limit Your Bad Habits

Heavy drinking. Moderate drinkers may be the least likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome, while alcoholics are the most likely. In part that's because, pound for pound, they carry more abdominal fat. In one Swedish study, researchers found that male alcoholics carried 48 percent of their body fat within the abdomen, compared with 38 percent for teetotalers.

Cigarette smoking. Smoking is dangerous for reasons besides lung cancer or emphysema. Some 60 minutes after smoking a cigarette, one study revealed, smokers still showed elevated levels of cortisol, which promotes abdominal fat storage. Over- caffeinating. Moderate caffeine consumption doesn't seem to be harmful for most people. But recent studies suggest that when men who have both high blood pressure and a family history of hypertension drink a lot of caffeinated coffee while under job stress, they may experience a dangerous rise in blood pressure.

5 Rev Up Your Metabolism

A new understanding of how disease sets up shop in your body focuses on metabolism—the sum of physical and chemical reactions necessary to maintain life. This approach reveals that a healthy metabolic profile counts for more than cardiovascular fitness or weight alone.

As Glenn A. Gasser, professor of exercise physiology at the University of Virginia, notes, “Metabolic fitness is one of the best safeguards against heart disease, stroke and diabetes. ”

11. The phrase “snapping at” （Step 1: Watch Your Temper） is closest in meaning to __________.

（A） judging severely

（B） declaring publicly

（C） answering rudely

（D） understanding wrongly

12. According to the passage, which of the following people are liable to incur and suffer from heart attacks?

（A） Those whose waist measures 35 inches or less.

（B） Those who take a brisk 20- minute walk twice a week.

（C） Those who have experienced major depression.

（D） Those who have been striving for goals.

13. Stress may lead to all of the following EXCEPT_____________.

（A） hostile disposition

（B） cynical behaviour

（C） over- caffeinating

（D） great ambition

14. According to the passage, what kind of people are teetotalers （Step 4: Limit Your Bad Habits）?

（A） Non- alcoholics.

（B） Heavy drinkers.

（C） Chain smokers.

（D） Non- smokers.

15.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?

（A） There is trouble brewing when your waist measures 35 inches or less.

（B） Metabolic fitness might prevent people from having heart disease.

（C） Moderate drinkers may be the most likely to develop Metabolic Syndrome.

（D） Moderate caffeine consumption seems to be harmful for most people.

考试用书：

2011年翻译资格考试用书

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