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(二)经济建设实现跨越式发展，人民生活得到大幅改善

和平解放前，西藏经济长期停滞不前，百业凋零，民不聊生。和平解放以来，西藏走上了跨越式发展的道路。为推动西藏经济社会发展，中央政府根据西藏经济社会发展的实际，制定了许多特殊优惠政策，涉及金融、财税、投资、基础设施建设、产业发展、农牧业和农牧区、环保、教育、卫生、科技、文化、体育等各个方面，并在财力、物力、人力上给予大力支持和帮助。中央财政没有从西藏拿走一分钱，反而不断加大对西藏的财政转移支付力度，1952-2010年中央对西藏的财力补助达3000亿元，年均增长22.4%。60年来，中央对西藏的直接投资超过1600多亿元，在不同时期相继安排了43项、62项、117项、188项等一大批关系西藏长远发展和人民生活的重大工程项目，相继建成了公路、铁路、机场、通信、能源等一批重点基础设施，极大地改善了西藏的基础设施和人民生产生活条件。据统计，1994-2010年，对口援藏省市、中央国家机关及中央企业分6批共支援西藏经济社会建设项目4393个，总投资133亿元，共选派4742名优秀干部支援西藏。

在中央政府的大力扶持和全国各地支援下，西藏经济实现了历史性跨越。据统计，1959-2010年，西藏全社会固定资产投资累计完成2751亿元，年均增幅达到15%以上，其中1994-2010年，全社会固定资产投资累计2643亿元，年均增幅达到20%以上。1951年西藏地区生产总值仅有1.29亿元，2010年达到507.46亿元，按可比价格计算增长111.8倍，年均增长8.3%。其中，1994年以来，西藏地区生产总值连续18年达到两位数增长，年均增速达12%。“十一五”期间(2006年-2010年)，西藏地区生产总值先后跨上300亿元、400亿元、500亿元三大台阶。2010年，西藏自治区人均生产总值为17319元，地方财政一般预算收入达到36.65亿元，连续8年保持20%以上的增长。

现代工业从无到有，现已建立起一个包括能源、轻工、纺织、机械、采矿、建材、化工、制药、食品加工、民族手工业、藏医药等20多个门类、富有西藏特色的现代工业体系。工业总产值从1956年的0.014亿元增加到2010年的75.61亿元，年均增长14.1%。特色优势产业不断发展壮大，甲玛铜多金属矿正式投产并在香港成功上市，拉萨青稞啤酒、5100矿泉水、甘露藏药等一批特色产品打入国内外市场。旅游业持续快速增长，2010年接待游客685.14万人次，旅游总收入达到71.4亿元，正向着重要的世界旅游目的地发展。

2. The local people’s living standards have been greatly improved along with leapfrog economic development.

Before the peaceful liberation, the economy in Tibet was in a state of stagnation, and the masses lived in dire poverty. Since the peaceful liberation, however, the economy has leaped for-ward with each passing day. To boost local economic and social growth, the central government has adopted a series of preferential policies for Tibet in such areas as banking, finance and taxation, investment, infrastructure construction, industrial development, farming and animal husbandry, environmental protection, education, public health, science and technology, culture and physical education, and has rendered Tibet strong support in terms of finance, materials and manpower. The cen-tral government has never taken a cent from Tibet, but constantly increased the allotment in the central budget for Tibet. In the period from 1952 to 2010, the central government sent a total of 300 billion yuan to Tibet as financial subsidies, with an annual growth rate of 22.4 percent. Over the past 60 years the central government has allocated more than 160 billion yuan in direct investment to Tibet and approved at different periods 43, 62, 117 and 188 major projects respectively concerning Tibet’s long-term development and its people’s livelihood. Highways, railways, airports, telecommunications facilities, energy and other key infrastructural projects have been completed one after another, thus greatly improving Tibet’s infrastructure and its people’s living and production conditions. Statistics show that from 1994 to 2010 state departments, provincial and municipal governments, and state-owned enterprises involved in the paired-up support program launched 4,393 aid projects in six batches, with a total of 13.3 billion yuan in aid funds and 4,742 cadres from across the country dispatched to work in Tibet.

Thanks to the care of the Central Authorities and the support of the whole nation, Tibet has witnessed a historic leap in its economic and social development. From 1959 to 2010 fixed assets investment in the region totaled 275.1 billion yuan, regis-tering an average annual growth of over 15 percent. The figure was 264.3 billion yuan from 1994 to 2010, and the annual growth rate in that period was more than 20 percent. The local GDP soared from 129 million yuan in 1951 to 50.746 billion yuan in 2010, a 111.8-fold increase or an average annual growth of 8.3 percent at comparable prices. Since 1994 the local GDP has grown at an annual rate of 12 percent, registering double-digit growth for 18 years in a run. During the 11th Five-Year Plan (2006-2010) Tibet’s GDP exceeded 30, 40 and 50 billion yuan successively. In 2010 the per-capita GDP was 17,319 yuan, and the local budgetary receipts reached 3.665 billion yuan, showing an average annual growth of over 20 percent for eight consecutive years.

There was no modern industry in old Tibet. But the region now has a modern industrial system covering over 20 sectors with distinctive local features, including energy, light industry, textiles, machinery, mining, building materials, chemicals, pharmaceuticals, food processing, folk handicrafts and Tibetan medicine. The total industrial output value increased from 1.4 million yuan in 1956 to 7.561 billion yuan in 2010, registering an annual growth rate of 14.1 percent. Competitive industries with local features keep expanding. The Gyama copper-polymetallic deposit in Tibet has been put into operation and gone public in Hong Kong. Some specialty products, such as Lhasa barley beer, “5100 Tibet Glacier Spring Water” and Ganlu traditional Tibetan medicine have entered the market in other parts of the country as well as the international market. Tourism in Tibet has also maintained a sustained and rapid growth. Some 6.8514 million people visited Tibet in 2010, and the tourism revenue reached 7.14 billion yuan. Tibet is set to be one of the most popular destinations for visitors from all over the world.

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