为了帮助广大考生系统的复习2011翻译资格考试，更好的掌握翻译资格考试的重点内容，小编特编辑汇总了2011年翻译资格考试的重点辅导资料，希望对您此次参加考试有所帮助！

Tourism and cultural heritage旅游与文化遗产

(abridge)

Tourism to sites of cultural and natural significance has existed at least since the time of Greek Antiquity, as reflected by Hellenistic world’s invention of the Seven Wonders of the World. In more recent times, 157 countries have ratified the World Heritage Convention of 1972 (protecting the world’s cultural and natural heritage), and 582 sites are inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. UNESCO’S Director General F. Mayor expressed it this way:

早在古希腊时代，就兴起了去人文和自然风光景点的观光，希腊人发现世界七大奇迹就反映了这一点。到了近代，157个国家通过了1972年世界遗产公约(用来保护文化与自然遗产)并且有582个景点被列入联合国教科文组织(UNESCO)的世界遗产名录。该组织总监F.Mayer 这样表述：

“The potential benefits of World Heritage extend far beyond the sites which have been listed, since these areas can play a leadership role in setting standards for protected areas as a whole, can bring resources for training which will be of wider application, and can be” flagships “in terms of raising public awareness of conservation issues.” “世界遗产的潜在价值远远超出了名单内的这些景点，而这些景点在为所有受保护区域树立标准方面起着领军作用，带出具有更广泛用途的培训资源，并成为培养公众关注保护问题的旗帜。”

Together with other culture and nature areas, these World Heritage Sites are important tourism attractions and form the backbone of the tourism industry. Indeed, inscription on the World Heritage List can quickly cause a site to become a major tourist attraction. There is some debate regarding the exact size and growth of tourism, but it clearly is one of the largest industries in the world, if not the absolute largest. The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) estimates that tourism generated 192 million jobs and $3.6 billion in GDP in 1999, which is 12% of the world total. WTTC forecasts continued growth, with annual rates of 3% between 1999 and 2010 for the world as a whole. 这些世界遗产景观和其他人文自然景点都是重要的旅游热点，成为旅游业的支柱。的确，名列世界遗产名录能使景点迅速变成一大热门景观。尽管对于旅游业的确切规模和增长还存在异议，但是，即使旅游业不是全球最大的行业，它也显然是其中之一。据世界旅游业管理委员会(WTTC)估算：1999年旅游业创造了1.92 亿个工作岗位和36亿美金的国内生产总值，这占世界GDP总值的12%。WTTC预测，在1999到2010年间，这个数值将在全球范围内以每年3%的速度继续增长。

In short, tourism’s economic impact is significant and still growing. Moreover, much of the employment and associated income involves foreign exchange earnings. In addition, though there is wide variability across destinations and regions, tourism generally provides jobs of various types (from unskilled to skilled, part-time to full-time) and for both genders. Thus, tourism can make an important contribution to economic development. Tourism also generates a variety of other impacts, both positive and negative. For example, it can help keep traditions alive and finance the protection of cultural and natural heritage, as well as increase visitor appreciation of that heritage. Conversely, tourism can damage heritage when not well managed. Thus, there is a tension between tourism and cultural and natural heritage management, indeed between tourism and broader societal values. Tourism is a double-edged sword. As noted by UNESCO: 简而言之，旅游业的经济效益巨大并在持续增长。而且很多就业机会和相关收入包扩外汇交易收益。另外，尽管不同的目的地和地区存在极大的变动，但总体而言，旅游业为男女都提供了多种类型的岗位(从非技术工到熟手，从兼职到全职)，因此为经济发展做出了巨大贡献。同时旅游业也产生了许多其他影响，有正面的也有负面的。例如，旅游有助于保持传统长存并为保护自然人文遗产提供资金，也能增进游客对于遗产的了解。反之若管理不善，旅游也可能毁坏遗迹。因此旅游和自然人文遗产管理之间——实质上是旅游业和社会总体价值观之间——存在微妙的平衡。旅游业仿佛一把双刃剑。正如联合国教科文组织所述：

Cultural tourism can encourage the revival of traditions and the restoration of sited and monuments. But unbridled tourism can have the opposite effect. Here there is a real dilemma. Is there not a risk that the boom in cultural tourism, by the sheer weight of numbers involved, may harbour the seeds of its own destruction by eroding the very cultures and sites that are its stock in trade? 人文观光可促进传统文化的复兴以及景点遗址的重建。但不加管理的旅游也能导致相反的作用。这确实是个两难的选择。如果只顾增加和扩大来追求人文观光的兴盛，就会破坏用于商业的文化和景点，这其中是否蕴藏着自我毁灭的风险呢?

相关文章：

更多2011翻译资格考试辅导资料点击查看

编辑推荐：

权威专家制作2011年翻译资格考试远程辅导方案，助你轻松过关！

点此关注2011翻译资格考试时间动态，欢迎定制免费短信提醒业务！

与翻译资格考试考友们在线交流，就来加入翻译资格考试论坛吧！

（责任编辑：中大编辑）

共2页,当前第1页  第一页  前一页  下一页