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2011翻译资格考试双语：旅游与文化遗产（2）

发表时间：2011/10/18 17:08:09 来源：互联网点击关注微信：

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Or, as stated by Egyptologist Rainer Stadelman, “Tourism is already a catastrophe. But we have to admit that without tourism there would be no public interest, and without that there would be no money for our work.” The tension between symbiosis and conflict has been repeated in many contexts and provides the motivation for this report. On the one hand, cultural heritage can serve as a tourism attraction, while tourism can lead to financial and political support for management of this heritage. On the other hand, there is also potential conflict insofar as tourism can damage cultural heritage, and limits on visitation can damage tourism (or hinder its expansion). 或如埃及古物学者 Rainer Stadelman 所说，“旅游已经成为一种灾难。但我们不得不承认，没有旅游就不会引起公众关注，我们也不会有研究经费。”共存与矛盾的平衡在上下文中已经反复提及，也是我写这篇报告的主要目的。一方面文化遗产作为名胜，旅游能为遗产的管理引进财政收入和政治支持;另一方面，由于旅游可能破坏文化遗产而限制观光进而影响旅游业(或是妨碍其发展)，这就是其中的潜在矛盾。

What is clear is that tourism is growing and will have an increasing impact on cultural heritage. In its forecast Tourism: 2020 Vision, the World Tourism Organization (WTO) predicts that cultural tourism will be one of the five key tourism market segments in the future, and notes that growth in this area will present an increasing challenge in terms of managing visitor flows to cultural sites. The focus of this report is how to promote symbiosis rather than conflict, and particularly how development cooperation can facilitate achievement of this objective. 显而易见的是旅游业在增长，并且对文化遗产产生越来越大的作用。世界旅游组织(WTO)在其《2020年旅游业展望》中预言，人文观光将成为将来的五大旅游关键市场分支中的一支，并表示该领域的增长将对管理人文景点的游客流量提出挑战。本报告的重点就在于如何促进共存减少矛盾，尤其是如何发展协作促进这一目标的实现。

The means to achieve symbiosis is to pursue well-managed tourism in cultural and natural heritage settings. Although members of the tourism industry may oppose specific measures or management in specific settings, industry organizations note that “the challenge is to manage the future growth of the industry so as to minimize its negative impacts on the environment and host communities whilst maximizing the benefits it bright in terms of jobs, wealth and support for local culture and industry protection of the built and natural environment.” 达到共存的方法是坚持一定规则，有序地管理人文自然遗产游览。尽管旅游业界成员可能会反对特定规则下的特殊措施或管理，但行业协会强调，“管理未来行业增长，降低对环境和周边的负面影响，并通过就业，资金，对地方文化的支持，人工修建以及自然环境的产业保护实现旅游业的最大收益，这就是挑战。”

It is worth noting several limitations, assumptions, and definitions in the context of this report. First the focus is on cultural heritage. However, cultural and natural heritage often overlap, such that issues, examples, and experiences from nature tourism can also be relevant in the present context (and vice versa). Second, the focus is on tourism, but it is recognized that the involvement of development agencies in cultural heritage clearly goes beyond tourism. Culture, like nature, can be an important component of economic development generally, not just in tourism. Moreover, cultures provide benefits internationally to those who have not visited, and may never visit, sites. Such “existence” and “option” values helped motivate funding for environmental programs such as the Global Environment Facility (a multi-billion dollar fund for environmental projects), and similar values in the culture context also justify development cooperation. 本报告上下文中提及的一些限制，设想和定义值得注意。首先，焦点是人文遗产。然而人文和自然遗产通常是相互交叠的，例如人文遗产这个术语，自然观光的经历也可能与现在讨论的人文遗产相关(反之亦然)。其次，重点是在于旅游，但是众所周知，开发商介入文化遗产显然超越了旅游的范畴。同自然一样，文化不仅是旅游业，它同时也可以作为整体经济发展中的重要组成部分。此外，文化对那些没有来过可能永远不会来参观该景点的人大有裨益。这些“存在性”和“选择性”的价值有助于为环境工程如全球环境基金(一个资产数十亿的环境保护项目基金)提供资金，文化范畴内的类似价值也有助于合作发展。