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Fellow Deputies,

In the past five years, we fulfilled the Ninth Five-Year Plan and made a good start on the Tenth Five-Year Plan. These years saw our people of all ethnic groups press ahead on the road to socialism with Chinese characteristics under the guidance of the spirit of the Fifteenth and Sixteenth Party Congresses. These years saw our country undergo great changes with each passing day, as its endeavors flourished and its people's lives improved significantly. These were years of social stability, ethnic solidarity and rising international influence for China. This government has contributed its share to the prosperity and well-being of the nation by performing its bounden duties in real earnest.

In doing the work of the government during the past five years, we unswervingly took Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guide for government work, conscientiously implemented the important thought of Three Represents and carried out the Party's basic line and basic program in their entirety by emancipating our minds and seeking truth from facts. We firmly kept economic development as our central task, vigorously pushed reform and opening up, properly balanced the relationships among reform, development and stability, and actively promoted the coordinated development of material and spiritual civilizations. In the course of rich and vibrant practice, we have accumulated a wealth of valuable experience.

The following are the main features of our work over the past five years and what we have learned from it.

1. Maintaining the right direction and intensity of macroeconomic regulation and implementing the proactive fiscal policy and the prudent monetary policy

To develop the socialist market economy, we must strengthen and improve macroeconomic regulation. In exercising the regulation, we must focus on ensuring a sustained and rapid growth of the economy, be alert to changes in the international and domestic economic situations, and improve our ability to predict and cope with them effectively. The most important measure we took in response to the grim international economic environment and the weak domestic effective demand in the past few years was to resolutely shift the focus of our macroeconomic regulation from the appropriately stringent fiscal and monetary policies aimed at checking inflation to the proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy to expand domestic demand and curb deflation. Moreover, we improved our policies and measures in good time and finetuned our regulation to ensure good results.

Balancing accounts by always keeping expenditures within the bounds of revenue is an important principle we should follow in our economic work. The proactive fiscal policy we followed during the past few years and the issuance of long-term construction treasury bonds were special policies implemented under special circumstances. We have made it a rule not to allow a deficit in our regular budget and not to exceed the deficit level projected at the beginning of the year in our capital development budget. When bank savings are up considerably and the supply of materials is abundant, and when prices are down continuously and interest rates are low, issuing treasury bonds for economic development serves multiple purposes. It can put idle production capacity to use and stimulate economic growth, and it can lessen the banks' interest burden without incurring inflation. We funnelled the capital raised from long-term construction treasury bonds primarily to infrastructure development, and incorporated this into the readjustment in industrial structure, technological renovation of enterprises, development of science, technology and education and improvement of the ecological environment. In doing so, we paid particular attention to the needs of the central and western regions. Management of the projects financed by treasury bonds was tightened to avoid redundance and inappropriately high standards and to ensure better cost-effectiveness. While boosting investment demand, we also took care to foster and expand consumption demand, mainly by increasing the income of low and middle-income residents in both cities and the countryside. Since 1999, we have raised the basic salaries of government employees and retirees' pensions three times. We have also introduced the systems of year-end, one-time bonuses and hardship-post allowances for employees in remote and inhospitable areas. Benefits for retirees from state-owned enterprises were improved. Social security benefits for all types of beneficiaries were raised considerably. A variety of measures were taken to increase the income of farmers. The policy of encouraging consumption was implemented to ensure a combined effect on economic growth from both investment and consumption demand.

Our success in macroeconomic regulation over the years was also attributable to the importance we attached to financial work and the continued prudent monetary policy, emphasizing necessary banking support to economic development without blind expansion of bank credit. While giving top priority to providing supplementary loans for treasury-bond projects, banks also provided working capital and loans in support of technological transformation by credit-worthy enterprises that are profitable and have a ready market for their products. In response to changes in the money market and the needs of economic development, we have lowered the interest rates on bank savings and loans five times since 1998 and introduced consumer credit for housing and student loans. At the end of 2002, the total balance of consumer loans stood at 1.07 trillion yuan. These measures played an important role in increasing investment by enterprises and expanding consumer spending.

The proactive fiscal policy and prudent monetary policy we adhered to were effective in facilitating rapid economic growth and cultivating and expanding sources of government revenue. At the same time, due to the constant improvement in the fiscal and taxation systems and better tax collection and management, the financial strength of the central government has increased significantly, resulting in more transfer payments to the local governments. While providing tax refund and structural subsidies, the central government increased its transfer payments to local authorities from 66.4 billion yuan in 1997 to 402.5 billion yuan in 2002, with the total reaching 1.2319 trillion yuan for the whole period. Of this sum, 177.7 billion yuan was used by the localities to fund guaranteed living allowances and unemployment insurance for laid-off workers from state-owned enterprises and subsistence allowances for needy urban residents. An additional 175.5 billion yuan was used for pay raises for government employees at the local level. These measures played an important role in increasing domestic demand, promoting coordinated development among different localities and maintaining social stability.

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