2000北京试题解析——词汇和语法

　21. Mary regretted _____ to John’s birthday party last Sunday.
A. not going
B. not to go
C. not having been going
D. not to be going
答案：A。regret后面要跟动名词做宾语，动名词的否定式是在动名词之前直接加not。
22. The famous novel is said _____ into Chinese.
A. to have translated
B. to be translate
C. to have been translated
D. to translate
答案：C。本句是动词不定式的完成、被动式。当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式表示的动作的对象时（或是动作的承受者时），不定式一般要用被动式。不定式的完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动作或状态之前。如：He is not likely to have been told the result.这个结果可能还没有告诉他。
23. Standing on the bank, the children watched the ship _____ with all kinds of goods.
A. loading
B. being loaded
C. to be loaded
D. having loaded
答案：B。本句为现在分词的被动做watch 的宾语补足语。因为宾语和宾补是动宾关系，而且表示动作正在进行，所以用现在分词的被动式；watch 也可以跟无to不定式做宾补，表示动作已经结束。Do you hear someone calling you? 你听见有人叫你吗？（现在分词做宾补，表示动作正在进行。）Yes, I did. I heard him call me several times.是的，我听见他叫了我几次了。（不定式做宾补，表示动作已经结束）。
24. I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.
A. shall finish
B. must have finished
C. have finished
D. shall have finished
答案：D。本句为将来完成时。表示在将来的某一时刻或将来的某一时刻之前已完成，这一动作可以继续下去。When you come again in July we shall have moved into a new house.七月份你们再来的时候，我们就搬进新房子里去了。I shall have done it by the end of this week.我要在周末做完它。本句的意思是“我要在你回来之前写完这篇文章”。
25. Mary never tells anyone what she does for a _____.
A. job
B. work
C. profession
D. living
答案：D。living ：生计。make (earn) a living 谋生，生计。
26. I’m sorry I couldn’t get in touch with him before he left, I _____ him earlier.
A. had a telephone
B. have phoned
C. should have phoned
D. should be phoned
答案：C。should（ought to）+have+过去分词：表示对过去动作的责备、批评。You should have gone over your lessons.你们应把功课复习好。You shouldn’t have watched TV last night.你们昨天晚上不应该看电视。
27. With the old man _____ the way, we had no trouble in finding that mysterious cave.
A. leading
B. led
C. lead
D. to be led
答案：A。介词with可以跟复合宾语。表示伴随的情况和结果。stand with one’s hands in one’s pockets.两手插在口袋里站着。The king came in, with all his servants following after him.国王回来了，后面跟着全体仆役。There had been a riot with twenty injured.曾经发生了一场有20人受伤的暴乱。
28. _____ anything about the accident, he went to work as well.
A. Not know
B. Know not
C. Knowing not
D. Not knowing
答案：D。本句为分词短语的否定式做状语。
29. Nowhere else in the world _____ more attractive scenery than in Switzerland.
A. you can find
B. is found
C. can you find
D. has been found
答案：C。否定词nowhere放在句首，句子倒装：否定词＋助动词（be动词）+主语。常放在句首的否定词有：nowhere （没有地方），never（从不），hardly, scarcely（几乎不），little（几乎没有）等。Barely does he have enough money to live on.他几乎没有足够的钱为生。Little did I think that I would lose the game.我根本没有想到我会输掉这场比赛。
30. The voters told the politician that he could _____ on their support in the next general elections.
A. expect
B. decide
C. count
D. doubt
答案：C。count on（upon）：依靠，指望。You can count on me for everything in the future .你将来的一切可以全靠我。You can’t count on the weather being fine. 你不能指望天晴。本句的意思“选民们对这位政客说他在明年的大选中依靠他们”。其余的选项意思都不正确。

31. An old friend from abroad, _____ I was expecting to stay with, telephoned me from the airport.
A. that
B. whom
C. who
D. which
答案：B。whom，关系代词，在定语从句中做with 的宾语，指人。
32. Peter wishes that he _____ law instead of literature when he was in college.
A. could study
B. studied
C. had studied
D. would study
答案：C。wish 后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气，虚拟语气中时态类似在非真实条件从句中时态的应用——时态后移。与现在的事实相反（用过去时），I wish I were you .但愿我是你多好啊！与过去的事实相反的愿望（用过去完成时），I wish he hadn’t made the big mistake.他要是不犯那个大错误，该有多好！与将来的愿望相反即愿望难以实现（用过去将来时），I wish I could be of more use in the future.我希望我将来有点用处。
33. When she heard the bad news, she _____ completely.
A. broke away
B. broke up
C. broke down
D. broke out
答案：C。break down: 禁不住痛哭，（身体、精神）垮了。When she heard the news she broke down and cried. 当她听到这个消息是，她失声痛哭。本句的意思是“当听到她儿子死亡的消息时她放声痛哭。”因此只有C最符合题意。break out：爆发，突然发生。The economic crisis broke out first in the United States.经济危机首先爆发在美国。break away断绝关系。He broke away from all his old friends. 他与所有的老朋友断绝了来往。break up：打破，打碎。I broke up the chocolate bar and gave each child a small piece.我把长条形巧克力弄碎，给每个孩子一小块。
34. He _____ a large fortune from his business.
A. made
B. won
C. expected
D. gained
答案：A。make a fortune：发财。固定搭配。He made a fortune out of smuggling.他靠走私发了一大笔财。
35. He never wrote to his father _____ he was in need of money.
A. except
B. except when
C. except for
D. except that
答案：B。except 和except for 都是介词，后面接短语。而except that和except when后面接宾语从句。that在从句中只起连接作用。而when在从句中做状语。如：She knew nothing about his journey except that he was likely to be away for three months.关于他们的旅行她不清楚，只知道他大概要离开三个月。（that 在宾语从句中只起连接作用）He was a man of fine character in all points except that he was rather timid.他在各方面都很好，除了有点胆小。而本句要选择except when，因为when 在从句中做状语。

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