2016年研究生入学考试英语必做模拟题12

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2016年研究生入学考试英语必做模拟题12

发表时间：2015/11/11 11:22:42 来源：互联网点击关注微信：

1. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claimsand credible discoveries that appear to be importantand convincing will always be open to challengeand potential modification or refutation by futureresearchers.

2. In the end, credibility "happens" to a discovery claim-a process that corresponds towhat philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of themind.

3. In 2009 the number of unionists in America'spublic sector passed that of their fellow members inthe private sector.

4. Politicians have repeatedly "backloaded" public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increasesmodest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.

5. This is the credibility process, through whichthe individual researcher's me, here, now becomesthe community's anyone, anywhere, anytime.

6. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers makediscoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process;other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purpose; and finally, the public (includingother scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology.

7. As a discovery claim works it through thecommunity, the interaction and confrontationbetween shared and competing beliefs about thescience and the technology involved transforms anindividual's discovery claim into the community'scredible discovery.

8. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewedas incomplete or incorrect.

参考译文:

1.新发表的那些发现声明，以及看似重要且有说服力的可信发现总是会受到后来研究者的挑战，并可能被修改或驳斥，这不足为奇。

2.最后，一项发现申明"碰巧"具有可信性--这个过程符合哲学家所描述的"英雄所见略同"。

3.2009年，美国公共部门里的工会成员数量超过了私营部门。

4.政治家们一再"支持提高"公共部门的工资待遇，虽然压低加薪幅度，却延长了假期，尤其是增加已经很丰厚的养老金。

5.这是一个信任的过程，通过这个过程，个体研究者的"我"、"此地"、"此时"变成了整个科学界的"任何人"、"任何地方"和"任何时间"。

6.在科学界的复杂社会结构里，研究人员负责发现事物;编辑和评论作为看门人掌握着发表发现的进程;其他科学家按自己的研究目的运用新发现;最终大众(包括其他科学家)接受新发现以及可能随之而来的新技术。

7.当一个发现申明通过了科学界的层层考验，与之相关的科学和技术所共有和冲突的信念间相互作用、相互对抗，使个人申明的发现转化成为科学界可信的发现。

8.第一，科学工作倾向于针对现有的知识中被认为不完全或不正确的某个方向。

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