考研

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40.在翻译过程中，如何处理原因状语从句?

(1)译成表示原因的分句

经典例题240 It doesn‘t boil，despite temperatures reaching up to400degrees C，because it is under terrific pressure.

参考译文尽管温度可高达摄氏400度，水却因为处于高压之下而不会沸腾。(2)译成表示结果的分句

经典例题241 Youjump on the bandwagonwhen you decide to support a candidate because public opinion studies show he is likely to win.

分析：译文中将原句的语序作了前后调整，原因状语前置，而主句被翻译成表示结果的分句。

参考译文如果民意调查显示某个侯选人很可能会取胜，因此你决定支持他，你就跳上了宣传车。

经典例题242 He says computer manufacturers used to be more worried about electromagnetic interference，so they often put blocks of material inside to absorb stray signals.

参考译文他说过去的计算机生产商往往更担心电磁干扰，所以他们常常内置一层材料来吸收杂散信号。

41.在翻译过程中，如何处理让步状语从句。

(1)译成表示让步的分句。如虽然…但是…，尽管…等。

经典例题243 Although humans are the most intelligent creature on earth，anything humans can do，Nature has already done better and in far，far less space.分析：although引导的让步状语从句译成虽然…但…。

参考译文虽然人类是地球上最聪明的生物，人能创造一切，但大自然更富于创造性，早已创造出比人类创造的更好更小巧的东西。

经典例题244 While industrial lasers today are most often used for cutting，welding，rilling and measuring，the laser‘s light can be put to a much different use：separating isotopes(同位素)to produce nuclear fuel.

分析：while在本句中并非引导一个时间状语从句，而是让步状语从句。

参考译文虽然今天的工业激光器最经常用于切割、焊接、钻孔和测量，但激光可以用于与此迥异的用途：分离同位素以生产核燃料。

(2)译成条件句

由no matter引导的从句可以译为以不论，不管，无论等做关联词的条件分句。例如：

经典例题245 No matter how carefully you move your hand toward a fly，the insect will dart off almost every time.

参考译文不管你多么小心翼翼地把手伸向一只苍蝇，差不多每次它都飞走。

42.在翻译过程中，如何处理目的状语从句?

(1)将表示目的的从句前置

经典例题246 For example，a film can slow down the formation of crystals so that students can study the process.

分析：原句中由so that引导的目的状语从句在译文中放到了主句之前。

参考译文例如，为了能让学生研究这一过程，电影可以放慢演示晶体的形成过程。

经典例题247 There must be device non_linearity in order that such a phenomenon could be possible.

参考译文为了使这一现象有可能发生，就必须存在器件的非线性。

(2)表示目的的从句后置

经典例题248 The saddles are either further fixed so that the cables may slide over them，rmounted on rollers so that they move with any movement of the cables.

分析：句中有两个目的状语从句，在翻译时，并未直接翻译成为了…，而是译为这样…，更能让人接受。

参考译文鞍座可以是固定的，这样钢缆可以在它上面滑动，也可以安装在滚柱上，这样鞍座就会随钢缆的移动而移动。

经典例题249 In addition，the cameraman must have a knowledge of composition so that the arrangement of the people and objects in each shot will produce the desired effect.

参考译文另外，摄影师必须具备合成的知识，以便安排好每个镜头中的人和物来达到预期的效果。历年真题分析

经典例题250 The first two must be equal for all who are being compared，if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.(1992年)

结构分析：句子的框架是The first two must be equal for all who are…，if any comparison…。if引导条件状语从句。主句中含有一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰all.in terms of译为谈到，就…而论。

参考译文如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。

经典例题251 New forms of thought as well as new subjects for thought must arise in the future as they have in the past，giving rise to new standards of elegance.(1996年)

结构分析：句子的框架是New forms of thought as well as new subjects…must arise in the future as they have…，giving rise to…。as引导方式状语从句。现在分词短语giving rise to new standards of elegance充当结果状语，修饰动词arise.并列连词as well as引导两个并列的主语。subjects在此意为研究对象。give rise to意为引起，导致。

参考译文同过去—样，将来必然会出现新的思维方式和新的思维对象，给完美以新的标准。

经典例题252 If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph for yet another scientific idea，a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory.(1998年)

结构分析：句子的框架是If the small hot spots look as expected，that will be a triumph…，a refinement of the Big Bang called…。if引导条件状语从句。as引导方式状语从句，省略了they are.a refinement of the Big Bang called the inflationary universe theory是scientific idea的同位语。过去分词短语called the inflationary universe theory修饰a refinement作定语。that指那些小热点看上去同预计的一致这件事。the inflationary universe theory译为宇宙膨胀理论。refinement意为改进，提炼。

参考译文假如那些小热点看上去同预计的一致，那就意味着又一科学论说的胜利，这种论说即更完美的大爆炸论，亦称宇宙膨胀说。

经典例题253 While there are almost as many definitions of history as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as the attempt to recreate and explain the significant events of the past.(1999年)

结构分析：句子的框架是While there are almost as many…as there are historians，modern practice most closely conforms to one that sees history as…。while引导让步状语从句，翻译时可译为尽管…但是…。as引导一个比较状语从句。主句中包含一个由关系代词that引导的定语从句，修饰one.one指代definition.definition意为定义，界定;modern practice在此意为现代史学实践;conform to原意为遵照，顺从，在此译为趋向于认为。

参考译文几乎每个历史学家对史学都有自己的界定，但现代史学家的实践最趋向于认为历史学是试图重现过去的重大史实并对其做出解释。熟能生巧经典例题254If，like most of mankind，you have strong convictions on many such matters，there are ways in which you can make yourself aware of your own prejudice.

结构分析：句子的框架是If…you have strong convictions on…，there are ways in which you can…。if引导条件状语从句。like most of mankind是插入语。主句中包含一个由介词in+which引导的定语从句，修饰ways.conviction原意为深信，信念，在这个句中应译为一味地迷信…。

参考译文如果你和大多数人一样，迷信诸如此类的事情，那么可以使你意识到自己偏见的办法是不少的。

经典例题255 Every time you try to answer a question that asks why，you engage in the process of causal analysis—you attempt to determine a cause or series of causes for a particular effect.

结构分析：句子的框架是Every time you try to answer…，you engage in the process…—you attempt to determine…。every time引导时间状语从句，意为每当。是一个名词化的连接词。这个从句中包含一个由that引导的定语从句。破折号引导的句子作主句的同位语。engage in意为参与，参加。

参考译文每当你试图回答一个问及为什么的问题时，你就是在进行因果分析了。也就是说，你正努力寻找决定某个结果的某个原因或一系列原因。

经典例题256 While not every scientific fact is a numerical one，nor every scientific theory a predictor of numerical magnitudes，so many are that we cannot conceive of modern science without the process of measurement.

结构分析：句子的框架是While not every scientific fact is…，nor every scientific theory…，so many are that we cannot conceive of modern science…。while在此句中引导让步状语从句。主句是so many are…。are后省略了表语numerical.that引导结果状语从句，与前文的so相呼应。在while引导的从句中，not与nor引起并列成分，译为不是…，也不是…。magnitudes意为广大，重要。

参考译文尽管不是每门科学事实都是用数字来表示的，也不是每一条科学理论都是数字大小的预测器，但是用数字表示的是如此之多，以致如果没有计量我们就不可能设想有现代科学。

经典例题257 Where it is dry so much of the time that few plants can live，the destructive waters have their own way when the occasional rains come.

结构分析：句子的框架是Where it is dry…，the destructive waters have…。where it is dry…是地点状语从句。it是无人称代词，表示自然现象。在这个从句中包含了一个由that引导的结果状语从句，与so相呼应。主句中包含一个由when引导的时间状语从句。the destructive waters不能直译为具有破坏性的水，而应与谓语结合转译成雨水泛滥，造成灾害。

参考译文在长期干旱以致植物稀少的地方，偶尔降雨便会泛滥，造成灾害。

经典例题258 Whatever its underlying reasons，there is no doubt that much of the pollution caused could be controlled if only companies，individuals and governments would make more efforts.

结构分析：句子的框架是Whatever its underlying reasons，there is no doubt that…if only companies，…。whatever引导让步状语从句，谓语may be省略。句子主语为reasons，whatever是may be的表语。its指代pollution‘s.主句中that引导的是doubt的同位语从句。过去分词caused作pollution的定语。在同位语从句中包含了由if only引导的条件状语从句。整个同位语从句用虚拟语气，表示这种可能性很小。

参考译文不论污染的根本原因是什么，毫无疑问，只要各大公司、个人和各级政府都能作出较大的努力，所造成的大部分污染是可以加以控制的。

经典例题259 Now，commercial farmers have become increasingly specialized so that almost everything consumed on most farms is now bought from outside sources rather than home_grown.

结构分析：句子的框架是…commercial farmers have become…specialized，so that everything consumed…is bought…rather than…。so that引导结果状语从句。过去分词短语consumed on most farms作定语修饰everything.rather than译为而不是，表示比较。

参考译文现在，商业社会的农民已越来越专业化，因而在大部分农场消费的几乎所有东西现在都是从外面采购的，而不是农场自己生产的。

经典例题260 If developing countries feel that industrialized countries are trying to divert attention from their problems by focusing on the problems of poorer countries，then we risk wrestling endlessly over these issues rather than solving our common problems.

结构分析：句子的框架是If developing countries feel that…，then we risk wrestling endlessly over…。if引导条件状语从句。而在此从句中又套了一个由that引导的宾语从句。介词短语by focusng on…作状语。对于这样长的条件句，应采用分译法。we指代前文的developing countries.wrestle不能直译为搏斗，应转译为争论。

参考译文工业化国家正试图通过强调贫困国家的问题来转移人们对他们的问题的注意力;如果发展中国家意识到这一点，那我们就会冒险把这些问题无休止地争论下去，而没有解决我们共同的问题。

经典例题261 As the electronic cash is downloaded，the customers‘bank accounts are debited，just as they would be after an ATM withdrawal.

结构分析：句子的框架是As the electronic cash is…，the customers‘bank accounts are…，just as they would be…。第一个as引导时间状语从句，而后一个as引导方式状语从句。debit译为记入账户借方。ATM译为自动取款机。

参考译文在电子现金下载后，客户的银行存款就记入账户的借方，就像在自动取款机取款后那样。

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