考研

There are many theories  about the  beginning of drama in ancient Greece. The one  most widely accepted today is based on the assumption that drama evolved from ritual. The argument for this view goes as follows. In the beginning, human beings viewed the natural forces of the world - even the seasonal changes - as unpredictable, and they sought through various means to control  these  unknown  and  feared  powers.  Those  measures    which  appeared  to  bring    the desired results were then retained and repeated until they hardened into fixed rituals. Eventually stories arose which explained or veiled the mysteries of the rites. As time passed some rituals were abandoned, but the stories, later called myths, persisted and provided material for art and drama.Those who believe that drama evolved out of ritual also argue that those rites contained the seed   of  theater    because   music,  dance,  masks,  and  costumes  were  almost  always  used. Furthermore, a suitable site had to be provided for performances and when the entire community did  not  participate,  a  clear  division  was  usually  made  between  the    "acting  area"  and  the "auditorium."  In  addition,  there  were   performers,  and,  since  considerable  importance  was attached to avoiding mistakes in the enactment of rites, religious leaders usually assumed that task. Wearing masks and costumes, they often  impersonated  other  people, animals, or supernatural beings, and mimed the desired effect -- success in hunt or battle, the coming rain, the revival of the Sun --  as an  actor might.

Eventually such dramatic representations were separated from religious activities.

Another theory traces the theater's origin from the human interest in storytelling. According to this view tales (about the hunt, war, or other feats) are gradually elaborated, at first through the use of impersonation, action, and dialogue by a narrator and then through the assumption of each of the roles by a different person. A closely related theory traces theater to those dances that are  primarily  rhythmical    and  gymnastic  or  that  are  imitations    of  animal  movements  and sounds.首页 1 2 尾页

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