考研

1. For Example, changes in the economy that lead tofewer job opportunities for youth and risingunemployment in general make gainful employmentincreasingly difficult to obtain.

2. More families consist of one-parent households or two working parents; consequently,children are likely to have less supervision at home than was common in the traditional familystructure.

3. Theories centering on the individual suggest thatchildren engage incriminal behavior because theywere not sufficiently penalized for previousmisdeeds or that they have learned criminalbehavior through interation with others.

4. Theories focusing on the role of society suggest that children commit crimes in response totheir failure to rise above their socioecomonic status, or as a rejection of middle-class value.

5. However, it has been found that even peopleinsensitive to a certain smell at first can suddenlybecome sensitive to it when exposed to it oftenenough.

6. The explanation for insensitivity to smell seems to be that the brain finds it inefficient tokeep all smell receptors working all the time but can create new receptors if necessary.

7. The brain finds it best to keep smell receptorsavailable for unfamiliar and emergency signals suchas the smell of smoke, which might indicate thedanger of fire.

8. Many theories concerning the causes of juvenile delinquency (crimes commited young people)focus either on the individual or on society as the major contributing influence.

参考译文:

1.例如，经济变化导致年轻人就业机会减少和失业率上升，通常在这种情况下，他们更难获得高新职位

2.单亲家庭和双职工家庭越来越多;从而，儿童在家中受到监管比传统结构家庭要少。

3.强调个人因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们曾经的恶习未得到应有的惩治，或是由于受别人影响而学会了犯罪。

4.强调社会因素的理论认为儿童的犯罪行为是因为他们未能如愿地提高自己的社会经济地位，或者是因为排斥中产阶级的价值观。

5.然而我们却发现，即使某些人开始时对某种气味不敏感，如果经常接触这种气味，也会对它敏感起来。

6.对气味不敏感的解释似乎是：大脑发现让所有气味接收器一直工作效率太低，但是在需要的时候仍可以产生新的感受器。

7. 大脑发现最好让气味感受器随时用于接收陌生的和危急的信号，比如可能暗示火灾危险的烟味。

8. 很多关于青少年犯罪(低龄人群犯罪)原因的理论要么强调个人要么的强调社会是导致犯罪的主要原因。

更多文章：

2016年研究生入学考试英语阅读理解必做模拟试题4

2016考研英语阅读理解强化模拟题及答案(7)

2016年全国硕士研究生招生考试公告

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