考研

1. Other identifiable causes of offensive actsinclude frustration or failure in school, the increasedavailability of drugs and alcohol, and the growingincidence of child abuse and child neglect.

2. Because they are adjusting to their new bodies and a whole host of new intellectual andemotional challenges, teenagers are especially self-conscious and need the confidence thatcomes from achieving success and knowing that their accomplishments are admired by others.

3. However, the typical teenage lifestyle is already filled with so much competition that it would be wise to plan activities in which there are more winners than losers, for example, publishing newsletters with many student-written book, displaying student artwork, and sponsoring book discussion clubs.

4. Making friends is extremely important to teenagers, and many shy students need the security of some kind of organization with a supportive adult barely visible in the background.

5. A variety of activities should be organized sothat participants can remain active as long as theywant and then go on to something else withoutfeeling guilty and without letting the otherparticipants down.

6. On the contrary, they can help students acquire a sense of commitment by planning forroles that are within their capabilities and their attention spans and by having clearly statedrules.

7. That whispered message, half invitation and halfforcing, is what most of us think of when we hearthe words peer pressure.

8. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also bea positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials usethe power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the world.

参考译文:

1.导致犯罪行为的其他确切因素还有学习受挫，考试不及格、毒品和酒精更容易得到，以及不断增多的儿童受虐和被忽略事件的发生。

2.因为青少年正在适应新的身体状况和智力、情感方面的诸多挑战，所以他们的自我意识很强，并且需要信心，这种信心源于获得成功和看到自己的成就获得他人的赞赏。

3.然而，典型的青少年生活方式中已经充斥了如此之多的竞争，所有明智之举就是组织一些胜者多败者少的活动，比如：出版一些学生写的书评时讯、展览学生的艺术作品、发起读书讨论俱乐部。

4.交朋友对青少年来说非常重要，很多腼腆的学生都需借助某种组织使其有安全感，而成人的支持应居于隐蔽的地位。

5.应当组织各种活动使参与者随心随意地保持活跃，并且他们转而参与到其他活动室既不会有所愧疚。也不会让其他参与者失望。

6.恰恰相反，他们可以通过组织那些在学生们的能力范围内和注意力集中时间内且有明确规则的活动，来帮助学生获得尽职尽责的意识。

7.每当听到"同侪压力"这个词时，我们大多数的脑海中总会半诱惑半强迫地出现这样一个低低的声音。

8.但是在她的新书《加入俱乐部》中，Tina Rosenberg认为同侪压力也能成为一种积极的力量，社会组织和政府利用群体动力帮助一些人改善他们的生活，甚至改变整个世界。她将这种方法称为社会疗法。

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