公共管理硕士

When they advise your kids to "get an education" if you want to raise your income, they tell you only half the truth. What they really mean is to get just enough education to provide man power for your society, but not too much that you prove an embarrassment to your society.

Get a high school diploma, at least. Without that, you are occupationally dead, unless your name happens to be George Bernard Shaw or Thomas Alva Edison and you can successfully drop out in grade school.

Get a college degree, if possible. With a B. A., you are on the launching pad (发射台). But now you have to start to put on the brakes. If you go for a master's degree, make sure it is an M. B. A. , and only from a first-rate university. Beyond this, the famous law of diminishing returns (报酬递减率) begins to take effect.

Do you know, for instance, that long-haul truck drivers earn more a year than full professors?Yes, the average 1977 salary for those truckers was $24, 000, while the full professors managed to average just $23,930.

A Ph. D. is the highest degree you can get, but except in a few specialized fields such as physics or chemistry, where the degree can quickly be turned to industrial or commercial purposes, you are facing a dim future. There are more Ph. D.s unemployed or underemployed in this country than in any other part of the world by far.

If you become a doctor of philosophy in English or history or anthropology or political science Or languages or-worst of all-in philosophy, you run the risk of becoming overeducated for our national demands. Not for our needs, mind you, but for our demands.

Thousands of Ph.D.s are selling shoes, driving cabs, waiting on tables and filling out fruitless applications month after month. And then maybe taking a job in some high school or backwater college that pays much less than the janitor earns.

You can equate the level of income with the level of education only so far. Far enough, that is, to make you useful to the gross national product, but not so far that nobody can turn much of a profit on you.

1. According to the writer, what the society expects of education is to turn out people who _____.

A. will not be a shame to the society

B. will become loyal citizens

C. can take care of themselves

D. can meet the demands as a source of manpower

2. Many Ph.D. s are out of job because____.

A. they are wrongly educated

B. they are of little commercial value to the society

C. there are fewer jobs in high schools

D. they prefer easy jobs with more money

3. The nation is only interested in people ____.

A. with diplomas

B. specialized in physics and chemistry

C. valuable to the gross national product

D. both A and C

4. Which of the following is NOT true?

A. Bernard Shaw didn't finish high school, nor did Edison.

B. One must think carefully before going for a master's degree.

C. The higher your educational level, the more money you will earn.

D. If you are too well educated, you'll make things difficult for the society.

参考答案：D B D C

In the United States, the need to protect plant and animal species has become a highly controversial and sharply political issue since the passage of the Endangered Species Act in 1973. The act, designed to protect species' living areas, and policies that preserve land and forests compete with economic interests. In the 1990's, for example, the woodcutters in the Western United States were challenged legally in their attempt to cut trees for timber in the Cascade Mountains. The challenge was mounted to protect the endangered spotted owl (猫头鹰) , whose remaining population occupies these forests and requires the intact, ancient forest for survival. The problematic situation set the interests of environmentalists against those of corporations and of individuals who stood to lose jobs. After months of debate and legal battles, the fate of the woodcutters—and the owls—was still undecided in mid-1992.

Similar tensions exist between the developed and the developing nations. Many people in industrialized nations, for example, believe that developing nations in tropical regions should do more to protect their rain forests and other natural areas. But the developing countries may be impoverished ( 使穷困 ), with populations growing so rapidly that using the land is a means to temporarily avoid worsening poverty and starvation.

Many of the changes to Earth that concern scientists have the potential to rob the planet of its biological richness. The destruction of Earth's ozone layer( 臭氧层), for example, could contribute to the general process of impoverishment by allowing ultra-violet rays to harm plants and animals. And global warming could wipe out species unable to quickly adapt to changing climates. Clearly, protecting will come only through coordinated international efforts to control human population, stabilize the composition of the atmosphere, and preserve intact Earth's complex web of life.

1. Why does the author say that the protection of endangered species is a highly controversial issue?

A. Because people can't agree as to what species to protect.

B. Because it is difficult to find an effective way to protect such species.

C. Because it affects the interests of certain groups of people.

D. Because it is a major problem involving a series of legal procedures.

2. According to the passage, the preservation of rain forests _____.

A. may hamper developing country in its fight against poverty

B. benefits developed countries rather than developing countries

C. should take priority over the control of human population

D. will help improve the living conditions in developing countries

3. According to the passage, cutting trees to grow more food _____.

A. will widen the gap between the developed and the developing countries

B. is but a short-term relief to the food problem

C. can hardly alleviate the shortage of food

D. proves to be an effective way out for impoverished nations

4. Among "humanity's current problems" (Line6, Para. 3 ), the chief concern of the scientists is _____.

A. the impoverishment of developing countries

B. the explosion of the human population

C. the reduction of biological diversity

D. the effect of global wamfing

5. The author's purpose in writing this passage is _____.

A. to describe the difficulties in solving humanity's current problems

B. to present the different views on humanity's current problems

C. to analyse the contradiction between countries in dealing with humanity's current problems

D. to point out that humanity's current problems can only be solved through the cooperation of nations

参考答案：C A B C D

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