61、回答61-90题：
Text 3
World leaders met recently at United Nations headquarters in New York City to discuss the environmental issues raised at the Rio Earth Summit in 1992. The heads of state were supposed to decide what further steps should be taken to halt the decline of Earth's life-support systems. In fact, this meeting had much the flavour of the original Earth Summit. To wit: empty promises, hollow rhetoric, Bickering between rich and poor, and irrelevant initia-fives. Think U. S. Congress in slow motion.
Almost obscured by this torpor is the fact that there has been some remarkable progress over the past five years-real changes in the attitude of ordinary people in the Third World toward family size and a dawning realisati-on that environmental degradation and their own well-being are intimately, and inversely, linked. Almost none of this, however, has anything to do with what the bureaucrats accompfished in Rio.
Or it didn't accomplish. One item on the agenda at Rio, for example, was a renewed effort to save tropical for-ests. (A previous UN-sponsored initiative had fallen apart when it became clear that it actually hastened deforesta-tion. )After Rio, a UN working group came up with more than 100 recommeodations that have so far gone no-where. One proposed forestry pact would do little more than immunizing wood-exporting nations against trade sanc-tions.
An effort to draft an agreement on what to do about the climate changes caused by CO2 and other greenhouse gases has fared even worse. Blocked by the Bush Administration from setting mandatory limits, the UN in 1992called on nations to voluntarily reduce emissions to 1990 levels. Several years later, it's as if Rio had never hap-pened. A new climate treaty is scheduled to be signed this December in Kyoto, Japan, But governments still cannot agree on these limits. Meanwhile, the U. S. produces 7% more CO2 than it did in 1990, and emissions in the de-veloping world have risen even more sharply. No one would confuse the "Rio process" with progress.
While governments have dithered at a pace that could make drifting continents impatient, people have acted.
Birth-rates are dropping faster than expected, not because of Rio but because poor people are deciding on their own to reduce family size. Another positive development has been a growing environmental consciousness among the poor. From slum dwellers in Karachi, Pakistan, to colonists in Rondonia, Brazil, urban poor and rural peasants a-like seem tO realize that they pay the biggest price for pollution and deforestation. There is cause for hope as well in the growing recognition among business people that it is not in their long-term interest to fight environmental re-forms. John Browne, chief executive of British Petroleum, Boldly asserted in a major speech in May that the threat of climate change could no longer be ignored.
The writer's general attitude towards the world leaders meeting at the UN is __________________
A.supportive
B.impartial
C.critical
D.comedic
62、 What does the author say about the ordinary people in the Third World countries?
A.They are beginning to realize the importance of environmental protection.
B.They believe that many children are necessary for prosperity.
C.They are reluctant to accept advice from the government.
D.They think that earning a living is more important than nature conservation.
63、 What did the UN call on nations to do about CO2 and other greenhouse gases in 1992?
A.To sign a new climate treaty at Rio.
B.To draft an agreement among UN nations.
C.To force the United Sates to reduce its emissions.
D.To limit the release of CO2 and other gases.
64、 The word" deforestation" in Paragraph 3 means__________________
A.forest damage caused by pollution
B.moving population from forest to cities
C.the threat of climate change
D.cutting large areas of trees
65、 Which of the following best summarizes the text?
A.As the UN hesitates, the poor take action.
B.Progress in environmental protection has been made since the Rio Summit.
C.Climate changes can no longer be neglected.
D.The decline of earth's life-support systems has been halted.
66、回答66-95题：
Supermarket shoppers have never been more spoilt for choice. But just when we thought traditional systems of selective farming had created the most tempting array of foods money can buy, we are now being presented with the prospect of genetically created strains of cabbages, onion, tomato, potato and apple.
It may not tickle the fancy of food purists but it fires the imagination of scientists. Last week they discovered that the classic Parisian mushroom contains just the properties that, when genetically mixed with a wild strain of mushroom from the Sonora desert in California, could help it grow en masse while at the same time providing it with the resilience of the wild strain.
66.___________
"We have found a way of increasing the success rate from one to 90 per cent. "
This is just one of the many products that, according to skeptics, are creating a generation of "Frankenfoods".
The first such food that may be consumed on a wide scale is a tomato which has been genetically manipulated so that it does not soften as it ripens.
67.___________
Critics say that the new tomato--which cost $ 25 million to research--is designed to stay on supermarket shelves for longer. It has a ten-day life span.
Not surprisingly, every-hungry US is leading the search for these forbidden fruit. By changing the genes of a grapefruit, a grower from Texas has created a sweet, red, thin-skinned grapefruit expected to sell at a premium overits California and Florida competitors.
For chip fanatics who want to watch their waist-lines, new high-starch, low-moisture potatoes that absorb less fat when fried have been created, thanks to a gene from intestinal bacteria.
The scientists behind such new food argue that genetic engineering is simply an extension of animal and plant breed-ing methods and that by broadening the scope of the genetic changes that can be made, sources of food are increased. Ac-cordingly, they argue, this does not inherently lead to foods that are less safe than those developed by conventional tech-niques. But if desirable genes are swapped irrespective of species barriers, could things spiral out of control? "Knowledge is not toxic, "said Mark Cantley, head of the biotechnology unit at the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and De-velopment, "It has given us a far greater understanding of how living systems work at a molecular level and there is no reason for people to think that scientists and farmers should use that knowledge to do risky things. "
Clearly, financial incentive lies behind the development of these bigger, more productive foods. But we may have only ourselves to blame. In the early period of mass food commerce, food varieties were developed by tradi-tional methods of selective breeding to suit the local palate. But as suppliers started to select and preserve plant vari-ants that had larger fruit, consumer expectations rose, leading to the development of the desirable clones. Still, tra-ditionalists and gourmets in Europe are fighting their development.
68.___________
Even in the pre-packaged US, where the slow-softening tomato will soon be reaching supermarkets, 1, 500 A-merican chefs have lent their support to the Pure Food Campaign which calls for the international boycott of geneti-cally engineered foods until more is known about the consequences of the technology and reliable controls have been introduced.
In the short term, much of the technology remains untested and in the long term the consequences for human bi-ology are unknown. Questions have arisen over whether new proteins in genetically modified food could cause aller-gies in some people.
69.___________
Then there are the vegetarians who may be consuming animal non-vegetable proteins in what they think is acommon tomato, or the practicing Jew who unknowingly consumes a fruit that has been enhanced with a pig's gene.As yet, producers are under no obligation to label "transgeneie" products.
Environmentalists worry that new, genetically engineered plants may damage natural environment. A genetical-ly engineered pest-resistant strain of plant that contacts with a native strain, for example, could turn them into viru-lent weeds beyond chemical control.
Animal welfare groups worry about the quality of life of farm animals manipulated so that they produce more meat, milk, and eggs but which may suffer physical damage in the process.
70.___________
Many of these fears spring from ignorance. And although it is hard to separate the paranoia from the benefits,the fact remains that genetic engineering offers ways of solving serious medical and agricultural problems.
___________
A.Western farmers have already bred cattle with more muscle than a skeleton can carry.
B.Supporters say the tomato, unsurprisingly called Flavr Savr, will taste better because it will he able to ma-ture on the branch longer.
C.Consumer opposition means that there are genetically manipulated foods on the German markets, and the Norwegian government has recently put research into genetically engineered foods on hold.
D.For example, if a corn gene is introduced into a wheat gene for pest resistance, will those who are allergic to corn then he allergic to wheat?
E."Mushrooms in the past were almost impossible to cross, "says Philippe Callae, one of the three scientists working on the mushroom.
F.Genetic engineering will interfere with the balance of nature.
67、 ___________
A.Western farmers have already bred cattle with more muscle than a skeleton can carry.
B.Supporters say the tomato, unsurprisingly called Flavr Savr, will taste better because it will he able to ma-ture on the branch longer.
C.Consumer opposition means that there are genetically manipulated foods on the German markets, and the Norwegian government has recently put research into genetically engineered foods on hold.
D.For example, if a corn gene is introduced into a wheat gene for pest resistance, will those who are allergic to corn then he allergic to wheat?
E."Mushrooms in the past were almost impossible to cross, "says Philippe Callae, one of the three scientists working on the mushroom.
F.Genetic engineering will interfere with the balance of nature.
68、 ___________
A.Western farmers have already bred cattle with more muscle than a skeleton can carry.
B.Supporters say the tomato, unsurprisingly called Flavr Savr, will taste better because it will he able to ma-ture on the branch longer.
C.Consumer opposition means that there are genetically manipulated foods on the German markets, and the Norwegian government has recently put research into genetically engineered foods on hold.
D.For example, if a corn gene is introduced into a wheat gene for pest resistance, will those who are allergic to corn then he allergic to wheat?
E."Mushrooms in the past were almost impossible to cross, "says Philippe Callae, one of the three scientists working on the mushroom.
F.Genetic engineering will interfere with the balance of nature.
69、 ___________
A.Western farmers have already bred cattle with more muscle than a skeleton can carry.
B.Supporters say the tomato, unsurprisingly called Flavr Savr, will taste better because it will he able to ma-ture on the branch longer.
C.Consumer opposition means that there are genetically manipulated foods on the German markets, and the Norwegian government has recently put research into genetically engineered foods on hold.
D.For example, if a corn gene is introduced into a wheat gene for pest resistance, will those who are allergic to corn then he allergic to wheat?
E."Mushrooms in the past were almost impossible to cross, "says Philippe Callae, one of the three scientists working on the mushroom.
F.Genetic engineering will interfere with the balance of nature.
70、 ___________
A.Western farmers have already bred cattle with more muscle than a skeleton can carry.
B.Supporters say the tomato, unsurprisingly called Flavr Savr, will taste better because it will he able to ma-ture on the branch longer.
C.Consumer opposition means that there are genetically manipulated foods on the German markets, and the Norwegian government has recently put research into genetically engineered foods on hold.
D.For example, if a corn gene is introduced into a wheat gene for pest resistance, will those who are allergic to corn then he allergic to wheat?
E."Mushrooms in the past were almost impossible to cross, "says Philippe Callae, one of the three scientists working on the mushroom.
F.Genetic engineering will interfere with the balance of nature.
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