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一、总述

英语句子中的倒装(inversion )分为部分倒装(partial inversion )和全部倒装(full inversion)。所谓部分倒装是指将句子谓语部分的助动词或情态助动词置于主语之前，全部倒装是指将整个谓语动词置于主语之前。倒装语序常出现在下列情况中：

1. 为避免句子部分内容重复，英语中常用倒装句，即：so (neither, nor) + be 动词(助动词，情态动词)+ 主语。例如：

My father is an engineer; so is my husband.

Jane didn’t attend my class yesterday; nor did Morris.

注意：如表示赞同别人的陈述，so 后面的部分不倒装。例如：

“Jim is a good-swimmer.” “So he is, and so is Dick.”

2. 具有否定意义的词或短语置于句首时，句子一般部分倒装，即将be 动词、助动词或情态动词提到主语前。这类词或短语包括：not, never, seldom, hardly, rarely, scarcely, by no means, under no circumstances, in no way, at no time, no sooner…(than), hardly… (when), not only… (but also) 等。例如：

Never has my brother been abroad before.

Hardly had I sat down when I heard someone knocking at the door.

No sooner had he returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there.

二、重要考点

1. 如果句首的否定词修饰主语，是主语的一部分，则句子不用倒装。例如：Scarcely a drop of rain fell last month.

2. as 或though 引导的让步状语从句常用倒装。一般将一些形容词、副词等置于句首。例如：

Prominent as he is in his field, he remains easy-going.

Wealthy as he is, I don’t envy him.

3. 当so、often 、only 等表示程度或频率的副词置于句首时，句子一般倒装。这样的结构起一个强调作用，与正常语序的区别只是程度的不同。例如：

So great was the destruction that the south took decades to recovery.

(The destruction was so great that the south took decades to recovery.)

Often does he warn us not to touch the poisonous chemical.

Only in this way can we accomplish it on time.

4. 当there 、here、then 、now 等副词置于句首，且谓语动词为come 、go、be 等词时，句子一般全部倒装，此类倒装句旨在引起别人注意。但如果主语是代词，句子则不倒装。例如：

Look! Here comes the taxi.

Here are some letters for you to type.

5. 当out 、in、away、up、bang 等方位或拟声词置于句首时，句子一般全部倒装。此类倒装句比正常语序的句子更生动、形象。但如主语是代词，句子则不倒装。例如：

Away flew the bird.

Bang goes my ace.

Away she went.

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