专四专八

87、根据以下资料，回答87-106题：

If winning is everything, British anthropologists have some advice: Wear red.Their survey of four sports at the2004 Olympic Games in Athens shows competitors were more likely to win their contests if they wore red uniforms or red body armor. "Across a range of sports, we find that wearing red is consistently associated with a higher probability of winning," report Russell A.Hill and Robert A.Barton of the University of Durham in England.Their findings are in Thursday's issue of the journal Nature.

Red coloration is associated with aggression in many animals.Often it is sexually selected so that scarlet markings signal male dominance.Just think of the red stripes on the scowling face of the male Mandrill, Africa's largest monkey species.But red is not exclusively a male trait.It's the female black widow spider that is venomous sand displays a menacing red dot on her abdomen.

Similarly, the color's effect also may subconsciously intimidate opponents in athletic contests, especially when the athletes are equal in skill and strength, the researchers suggest.In their survey, the anthropologists analyzed the results of four combat sports at the summer games: boxing, tae kwon do, Greco-Roman wrestling and freestyle wrestling.In those events, the athletes were randomly assigned red protective gear and other sportswear.Athletes wearing red gear won more often in 16 of 21 rounds of competition in all four events.The effect was the same regardless of weight classes, too: 19 of 29 classes had more red winners, and only four rounds had more blue winners,

The red effect also might come into play in team sports.The anthropologists made a preliminary analysis of the Euro 2004 international soccer tournament, in which teams wore jerseys of different colors in different matches.They found that five teams scored more goals and won more often when they wore shirts that were predominantly red, as opposed to blue or white jerseys.

Scientists don't precisely know how wearing red might give athletes an advantage.But the color delivers implicit messages of vigor and danger.When people get angry, their faces turn red.It's also a reason why stop signs are red.So are most Ferraris.

Red color is associated with all of the following EXCEPT________.

A.controlling power of male Mandrills

B.greater chances of winning in sports

C.menacing characteristics of female back widow spiders

D.higher speed of automobiles

88、The word "intimidate" in Paragraph 3 is similar in meaning to________.

A.threaten

B.imitate

C.distract

D.confuse

89、Which of the following statements about red effect in sports is TRUE?

A.It works for athletic contest only.

B.It varies from different weight classes.

C.It exists in team sports.

D.It is not so obvious in other sports as in soccer.

90、Scientists are sure that the color red

A.encourages athletes to win

B.is a signal of vigor

C.is superior to the color blue

D.delivers messages, f mental advantage

91、根据以下资料，回答91-110题：

When Gina Garro and Brian Duplisea adopted 4-month-old Andres from Colombia last month (they also have a 6-year-old daughter), they were determined to take time off from work to care for him.Though Garro's $40,000salary will cover their mortgage, the couple will have to freeze their retirement accounts, and pray that nothing goes wrong with the car."It takes away from you your cushion and your security," says Garro."Things will be tight."

The 1993 Family and Medical Leave Act was supposed to help families like Garro's, offering a safety net to employees who want to take time off to nurture newborns, tend to their own major illnesses or care for sick relatives. But while the law guarantees that workers won't lose their jobs, it doesn't cover their paychecks.One survey last year showed that while 24 million Americans had taken leaves since 1999, 2.7 million more wanted to, but couldn't afford it.That may change soon.In response to increasing demand from voters, at least 25 states are now exploring new ways to offer paid leave.One possibility: tapping state disability funds.A handful of states--New York, New Jersey, California, Rhode Island and Hawaii--already dip into disability money to offer partial pay for women on maternity leave.But that doesn't help dads or people caring for elderly parents.New Jersey and New York may soon expand disability programs to cover leave for fathers and other caretakers.Thirteen states, including Arizona, Illinois and Florida, have proposed using unemployment fund to pay for leave.

Massachusetts has been especially creative.When the state's acting governor, Jane Swift, gave birth to twin daughters in May, she drew attention to the issue with her own "working maternity leave": she telecommuted part-time but earned her usual full-time salary.Even before Swift returned to work last week, the state Senate unanimously passed a pilot plan that would use surplus funds from a health -insurance program for the unemployed to give new parents 12 weeks off at half pay.Another plan, proposed in the House, would require employers to kick in $20 per worker to set up a "New Families Trust Fund.".Businesses would get tax credits in return.This week Swift is expected to announce her own paid-leave plan for lower-income mothers and fathers.Polls show widespread public support--another reason Swift and other politicians across the, country have embraced the issue.

Still, not everyone's wild about the idea.People without children question wh y new parents--the first group to get paid leave under many of the proposed plans--should get more government perks than they do.Business groups are resistant to proposals that would raid unemployment funds; several have; already filed suit to block them.As the economy slows, many companies say they can't afford to contribute to proposed new benefit funds either.Business lobbyists say too many employees already abuse existing federal family, leave laws by taking time off for dubious reasons or in tiny time increments.The proposed laws, they say, would on y make matters worse.

For Garro and Duplisea, though, the new laws could make all the difference.As Melina fixes a peanut-butter-and-jelly sandwich, Duplisea hugs a snoozing Andres against his T-shirt "We're trying to do the right thing by two kids, and we have to sacrifice," Duplisea says.In Massachusetts and plenty of other states, help maybe on the way.

From the first paragraph, we learn that____.

A.the couple have made a lot of sacrifices to take care of their children

B.Garro can earn more money so she should go back to work

C.Duplisea's boss is so considerate as to allow him to keep his job

D.Garro and Duplisea used to live a comfortable and easy life

92、When Garro says "It takes away from you your cushion and your security", she means ________.

A.it makes her feel insecure physically and emotionally

B.it takes up her money for health insurance

C.it plunges her family into financial trouble

D.it uses up her family savings

93、Which of the following statements about New York State is TRUE?

A.It offers full pay for women on maternity leave.

B.It offers extra pay to people caring for fathers.

C.It uses disability funds for indecent purposes.

D.It plans to cover leave for fathers and other caretakers.

94、If Garro lives in Massachusetts, she is supposed to __

A.have 12 weeks off at half pay

B.leave her job without pay to take care of her kids

C.telecommute full-time

D.get $20 per month from her employer for her leave

95、The author holds an attitude of towards paid leave.

A.indifference

B.approval

C.suspicion

D.opposition

96、 Business groups do not support

A.the idea of paid leave

B.the federal family-leave laws

C.use of unemployment funds for paid leave

D.cut in pay for women on maternity leave

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