阅读理解
Thestandardizededucationalorpsychologicaltests,whicharewidelyusedtoaidinselecting,assigningorpromotingstudents,employeesandmilitarypersonnel,havebeenthetargetofrecentattacksinbooks,magazines,thedailypress,andeveninCongress.Thetargetiswrong,for,inattackingthetests,criticsdivertattentionfromthefaultthatlieswithill-informedorincompetentusers.Theteststhemselvesaremerelytools.Whethertheresultswillbevaluable,meaningless,orevenmisleadingdependspartlyuponthetoolitselfbutlargelyupontheuser.
Allinformedpredictionsoffutureperformancearebaseduponsomeknowledgeofrelevantpastperformance.Howwellthepredictionswillbevalidatedbylaterperformancedependsupontheamount,reliabilityandappropriatenessoftheinformationusedandontheskillandwisdomwithwhichitisinterpreted.Anyonewhokeepscarefulscoreknowsthattheinformationavailableisalwaysincompleteandthatthepredictionsarealwayssubjecttoerror.
Standardizedtestsshouldbeconsideredinthiscontext:theyprovideaquick,objectivemethodofgettingsomekindofinformationaboutwhatapersonhaslearned,theskillshehasdeveloped,orthekindofpersonheis.Theinformationsoobtainedhas,qualitatively,thesameadvantagesandshortcomingsasotherkindsofinformation.Whethertousetests,otherkindsofinformation,orbothinaparticularsituationdepends,therefore,upontheempiricalevidenceconcerningcomparativevalidityanduponsuchfactorsascostandavailability.
Ingeneral,thetestsworkmosteffectivelywhenthetraitsorqualitiestobemeasuredcanbemostpreciselydefined(forexample,abilitytodowellinaparticularcourseoftrainingprogram)andleasteffectivelywhenwhatistobemeasuredorpredictedcannotbewelldefined,forexample,personalityorcreativity.Properlyused,theyprovidearapidmeansofgettingcomparableinformationaboutmanypeople.Sometimestheyidentifystudentswhosehighpotentialhasnotbeenpreviouslyrecognized.
1.Inthispassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith_________.
A.thenecessityofstandardizedtests
B.thevalidityofstandardizedtests
C.themethodusedininterpretingtheresultsofstandardizedtests.
D.thetheoreticalgroundsofstandardizedtests.
2.Wecaninferfromthepassagethat_______.
A.standardizedtestsshouldnolongerbeused.
B.resultsofstandardizedtestsaccuratelyreflecttheabilitiesofthetestees
C.thevalueofstandardizedtestsliesintheirproperinterpretation
D.specialmethodsmustbeappliedtotheresultofstandardizedtests.
3.Theword“empirical”(Line6,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“___________”
A.theoretical
B.critical
C.indisputable
D.experiential
4.Accordingtothepassage,standardizedtestsworkworkmosteffectivelywhen____________.
A.theuserknowshowtointerprettheresultsinadvance.
B.theobjectivesaremostclearlydefined.
C.thepersonswhotakethetestareintelligentorskillful.
D.theymeasurethetraitsorqualitiesofthetests
5.Theauthor’sattitudetowardstandardizedtestscouldbedescribedas_______.
A.positive
B.critical
C.prejudiced
D.indifferent.
编辑推荐:
(责任编辑:)