学位英语

第4部分：阅读理解

下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定l个最佳选项。

Goalof American Education

Differences in American schools compared with those found in themajority of other countries lie in the fact that education here has long beenintended for everyone -- not just for aprivileged elite. Schools are expectedto meet the needs of every child, regardless of ability, andalso the needs ofsociety itself. This means that public schools offer more than academic subjects.It surprises many people when they come here to find high schools offering suchcourses as typing, sewing, radio repair, computer programming or drivertraining, along with traditional academic subjects such as mathematics,history, and languages. Students choose their curricula depending on theirinterests, future goals, and level of ability. The underlying goal of Americaneducation is to develop every child to the utmost of his or her ownpossibilities, and to give each one a sense of civic and communityconsciousness.

Schools have traditionally played an importantrole in creating national unity and "Americanizing" the millions ofimmigrants who have poured into this country from many different backgrounds and origins. Schoolsstill play a large role in the community, especially in the small towns.

The approach to teaching may seem unfamiliar to many, not onlybecause it is informal, but also because there is not much emphasison learning facts. Instead, Americans try to teach their children to think for themselves andto develop their own intellectual and creative abilities.

Students spend much time, learning how touse resource material, statistics and computers.

Americans believe that if children aretaught to reason well and to research well, they will be able to find whatever facts they needthroughout the rest of their lives. Knowing how to solve problems is considered more important thanthe accumulation of facts.

This is America's answer to the searching question that thoughtfulparents all over the world are asking themselves in the fast-movingtime: "How can one prepare today's child for a tomorrow that one canneither predict nor understano.

31. Which of the following best states thegoal of American education?

A. To teach every learner some practicalskills.

B. To provide every learner with rich knowledge.

C. To give every student the opportunity tofully develop his / her ability.

D. To train every student to be aresponsible citizen.

32. It is implied in the passage that_____

A. all high-school students take the samecourses.

B. every high-school student must take somepractical ability training courses.

C. every public school offers the sameacademic subjects.

D. the subjects every student takes mayvary.

33. American schools place great emphasison the learner's ______

A. enrichment of knowledge.

B. accumulation of facts.

C. acquisition of the ability to becreative.

D. acquisition of the ability to work withhis hands.

34. According to the passage, Americaneducation meets the needs of all the following EXCEPT______

A. the brightest students.

B. the slow students.

C. the students from foreign countries.

D. the immigrants.

35. Which of the following best states thefeature of American education that makes it different from education in othercountries?

A. The large number of its schools.

B. The variety of the courses offered inits schools.

C. Its special consideration given toimmigrants.

D. Its underlying goal to develop everychild's abilities to the fullest extent..

参考答案：

31.【答案】C

【题干】下列选项中对美国教育的目的的最佳描述是_______。

A.教给每位学习者一些实际的技巧

B.提供给每位学习者丰富的知识

C.给每位学习者充分开发能力的机会

D.将每位学生都培养成负责任的公民

【解析】细节题。由题干关键词“goal ofAmerican education”可定位到第一段最

后一句“the underlying goal of American education”，该句大意为：美国教育根本的目的在于最大程度地开发学生的能力，并给每个人一种公民或者集体的成员意识。这与C选项是一致的，故选C。

32.【答案】D

【题干】文中暗示______。

A.所有高中学生都选择同样的课程

B.每个高中学生必须参加一些实际能力培训课程

C.每个公立学校提供相同的学术性科目

D.每个学生参加的课程是各不相同的

【解析】D。细节题。题干没有可供回到原文定位的关键词，只能通过每个选项回到原文一一判断。从第一段倒数第二句可知，学生们可以根据自己的兴趣、爱好、能力来选择课程(curricula)。故D为正确答案。

33.【答案】C

【题干】美国学校强调学习者的——。

A.知识的丰富

B.事实的积累

C.创造力的获得

D.独立解决问题能力的获得

【解析】细节题。通过题干关键词“placegreat emphasis”可定位到第三段首句。

该句后面紧跟一个转折词instead(反而)，答案在转折后。第二句话的大意是：美国教育旨在培养孩子独立思考和创造的能力。故本题选C。D选项为混淆项，原文中“thinkfor themselves”　(独立思考)和选项中 “work with his hands”(独立解决问题)是两个概念，故不能选。

34.【答案】麟 C

【题干】根据文章，美国教育能满足所有人的需求，除了______。

A.最聪明的学生

B.反应较慢的学生

C.外国留学生

D.移民

【解析】细节排除题。该题只能在全文寻找对应细节进行一一对应。从首段可以得知A和B的需求可以满足，从第二段可知“移民”的需求也能满足。 只有C没有提到，故本题选C。

35.【答案】D

【题干】下列哪个选项是对美国教育不同于其他国家教育的最好描述?

A.大量的学校。

B.学校提供的不同课程。

C.给予移民的特殊照顾。

D.充分开发每个孩子能力的根本目标。

【解析】细节题。排除题。这样酊题只能通过阅读选项入手，属于阅读量比较大的题型。同时这样的题往往会跟前面的题有所重复或交叉，并且往往是全文主旨的一个总结。通过阅读选项，可得知美国教育的根本目标是充分开发孩子的能力。故本题选D。

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