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The Changing Family
At the beginning of the twentieth century，many people thought that the American family was falling apart一 in other words，they thought it was dying. A century later, we know that this was not the case. However，although the family is still alive in the United States, its size and shape are very different from 100 years ago.
In the late 1800s and early 1900s, there were mainly two types of families in the United States: the extended and the nuclear. The extended family (大家庭) usually includes grandparents, parents and children living under the same roof. The nuclear family (核心家庭) consists of only parents and children. As people began to move to other parts of the country to find better jobs，the nuclear familiy became the most common family struture.
Today there are many different kinds of families. Some people live in"traditional" families, that is, a stay-home mother, a working father, and their own biologilcal child. Others live in two-paycheck families(where both parents work outside the home), single- parent families (a mother or father living with the children)，adoptive(收养的)or foster families(where adults take care of children that are not biologically theirs)，blended families(where men and women who were married before marry again and combine the children from previous marriages into new families)，childless families，and so on.
What caused the structure of the family to change? During World War II(1939 - 1945), because many men were at war, thousands of these “war widows”had to got to work outside the home. Most women worked long hours at hard jobs, especially in factories.
During the next decades, the situation changed. There were fewer divorces, and people married at a younger age and had more children than the previous generation. It was unusual for a mother to work outside the home during the years when her children were growing up. Families began leaving cities and moving into single-family homes in the suburbs(郊区). The traditional family seemed to be returning.
In the years between 1960 and 1990s, there were many important changes in the structure of the family. The number of single-parent families tripled(使...成三倍), and the number of couples living together without being married quadrupled(使...成4倍). There are many people today who would like the “traditional”family to return. However, less than 10 percent of families in the 1990s fall into this category. In fact, the single-parent household – once unusual – has replaced the “traditional”familiy as the typical family in the United States. If we can judge from history, however, this will probably change again in the twenty-first century.
