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China to Help Europe Develop GPS Rival

China is to contribute to a new global satellite navigation system being developed by European nations. The Galileo satellite system ____51____ a more accurate civilian alternative to the Global Positioning System(GPS), operated by the US military. China will provide 230m Euros (USD259m) in ____52____ and will cooperate with technical, manufacturing and market development. “China will help Galileo to ____53____ the major world infrastructure for the growing market for location services,” said Loyola de Palacio, EU transport commissioner. A new center that will coordinate co-operation was also announced____ 54____ the European Commission, the European Space Agency (ESA) and the Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology not long____ 55 ____The China-Europe Global Navigation Satellite System Technical Training and Cooperation Center will be ____56____ at Beijing University. China has a substantial satellite launch industry and could potentially help launch the Galileo satellites.

The US has claimed that Galileo could interfere ____57____ the US ability to downgrade the GPS service during military conflicts. European officials say this is unfounded and counter that US opposition ____58____ the commercial challenge Galileo would present to GPS. Galileo will be precise to within a meter, while the civilian GPS service is accurate to around 10 meters.

The Galileo satellite constellation will ____59____ 27 operational and three reserve satellites orbiting the Earth at an altitude of 23,600km. The satellites will be strung along three medium-Earth orbits at 56 degrees inclination to the equator and will provide global coverage. The system should be operational by 2008 and the entire project is expected to ____60____ around 3.2 billion Euros (USD3.6 billion).

The European Commission has said Galileo will primarily be used for transportation technology, scientific research, land management and disaster monitoring.

Galileo will provide two signals: a standard civilian one and in encrypted, wide-band signal ____61____ the Public Regulated Service (PRS). This second signal is designed to withstand localized jamming and will be used by police and military services in Europe. European Commission ____62____ have said China will not be given access to the PRS.

The first Galileo satellite is scheduled to launch late in 2004. Clocks on board ____63____ will be synchronized through 20 ground sensors stations, two command centers and 15 uplink stations.

Receivers on the ground will use time signals from the satellites to precisely calculate their ____64____ A “search and rescue” function will also ____65____ distress signals be relayed through the constellation of satellites.

51A　offer　　B　offered　　C　will offer　　D　has offered

52A　funding　　B　providing　　C　paying　　D　charging

53A　build　　B　use　　C　become　　D　do

54A　in　　B　at　　C　on　　D　by

55A　before　　B　ago　　C　after　　D　later

56A　found　　B　produced　　C　positioned　　D　located

57A　with　　B　for　　C　about　　D　above

58A　results in　　B　gives rise to　　C　is due to　　D　causes

59A　be made from　　B　consist of　　C　consist in　　D　be consisted of

60A　spend　　B　gain　　C　give　　D　cost

61A　offered　　B　called　　C　used　　D　turned

62A　officials　　B　countries　　C　organization　　D　agreement

63A　satellite　　B　the satellite　　C　the satellites　　D　satellites

64A　speed　　B　direction　　C　distance　　D　location

65A　send　　B　let　　C　allow　　D　transmit

51　C　52　A 　53　C 　54 　D　55　B

56　D　57　A　58　C　59 　B　60　D

61　B　62　A　63　B 　64　D　65　B

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