学位英语

第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23～30题，每题1分，共8分)

下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23～26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个小标题;(2)第27～30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。

WashoeLearnedAmericanSignLanguage

1.An animal that influenced scientific thought has died.A chimpanzee named Washoe and born in Africa died of natural causes late last month at the age of 42 at a research center in the

American state of Washington.Washoe had become known in the scientific community and around the world for her ability to use American Sign Language.She was said to be the first non-human to learn a human language.Her skills also led to debate about primates and their ability to understand language.

2.Research scientists Allen and Beatrix Gardner began teaching Washoe sign language in 1966.

In 1969, the Gardners described Washoe's progress in a scientific report.The people who experimented with Washoe said she grew to understand about 250 words.For example,

Washoe made signs to communicate when it was time to eat.She could request foods like apples and bananas.She also asked questions like, "Who is coming to play?" Once the news about Washoe spread, many language scientists began studies of their own into this new and exciting area of research.The whole direction of primate research changed.

3.However, critics argued Washoe only learned to repeat sign language movements from watching her teachers.They said she had never developed true language skills.

Even now, there are some researchers who suggest that primates learn sign language only by memory, and perform the signs only for prizes.Yet Washoe's keepers disagree.Roger Fouts is a former student of the Gardners. He took Washoe to a research center in Ellensburg, Washington.There, Washoe taught sign language to three younger chimpanzees, which arestill alive.

4.Scientists like private researcher Jane Goodall believe Washoe provided new information about the mental workings of chimpanzees.Today, there are not as many scientists studying language skills with chimps.

5.Debate continues about chimps' understanding of human communication.Yet, one thing is sure -- Washoe changed popular ideas about the possibilities of animal intelligence.

23. Paragraph 1_____

24.Paragraph 2_____

25.Paragraph 3_____

26.Paragraph 4______

A.Reason Why Not Many Scientists Carry out This/Research Nowadays

B.Report about Washoe’S Progress in Learning Sign Language

C.GeneraI l nformation about Washoe

D.The Gardeners’Contributions Recognized

E. Debate on Chimps’Intelligence

F.Washoe’S Love for Three Young Chimps.

27.Washoe could make signs to communicate______

28.Some scientists doubted_____

29.Washoe taught younger chimps sign language_____

30.The experimenters thought Washoe was intelligent______

A.if the Gardeners’argument was sound

B.because she was cleverer than other chimps

C.when she wanted to eat

D.while she was at a research center in Ellensburg

E.because she could use sign language to ask for fruits

F.while Washoe was learning sign language

参考答案：

23.【答案】C

【题干】第一段的主要内容是_____。

【解析】第一段主要介绍黑猩猩Washoe的出生地、死亡年龄、被带到美国学习美式手语等一般情况。用C(关于Washoe的简略介绍)来概括是很准确的。

24.【答案】B

【题干】第二段的主要内容是______。

【解析】第二段的关键句是第二句，简略介绍了Washoe的学习情况和结果，因B(关于Washoe学习手语的进步的报告)是答案。

25.【答案】B

【题干】第三段的主要内容是______。

【解析】第三段介绍了对Gardener夫妇发表的报告有两种不同的解读。一派认为 Washoe的手语能力只是机械重复、死记硬背、物质激励的结果，不是智能的表现。另一派认为这是智能的表现，其证据是Washoe还能教三个小猩猩学习手语。争论的焦点是黑猩猩有没有智能。选项E用debate来概括上述争论，所以是答案。

26.【答案】。A

【题干】第四段的主要内容是_______。

【解析】第四段解释了为什么现在从事这项研究的科学家人数不多，原因是研究周期太长。

27.【答案】C

【题干】Washoe能用手语进行交流_______。

【解析】选C的依据是第二段第四句。

28.【答案】A

【题干】一些科学家怀疑______。

【解析】根据doubt可知本题答案为A(Garder的观点是否正确)。

29.【答案】D

【题干】Washoe教小猩猩手语______。

【解析】选D的依据是第三段的最后一句。

30.【答案】E

【题干】实验认为Washoe是有智力的______。

【解析】本文第二段谈到实验的成果时有这一个句子：“She could request foods like apples and bananas.”根据全段意思选择E是正确的。

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