学位英语

Food and Cancer

Medical expels have suspected for many years that there is a strong link between what a person eats and cancer. They say a new study provides the first evidence1 that vitamins could reduce a person’s chance of developing cancer. A team of Chinese and American scientists did the study. They are from American National Cancer Institute2 and the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences3 in Beijing. The Journal of the National Cancer Institute published the results of the study. About thirty thousand people between the ages of 40 to 69 took part in the study. They were from the northern central Chinese area of Linxian. Most of them took vitamins and minerals every day for five years.

Linxian was chosen because the people there have all extremely high rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus. Researchers believe that fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate. Researchers divided those into eight groups. Seven of the groups received different mixtures of vitamins and minerals daily. The amounts of the vitamins and minerals were 1 to 2 times greater than what American health officials say is needed. The eighth group received sugar pills4 that had no effect. Those who seemed to gain the most received a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium. The vitamin and mineral are believed to prevent damage to cells caused by cancer-causing substances. Researchers reported a 13 percent drop in cancer rates in those who took β–carotene, vitamin E and selenium5. They also found a 10 percent drop in the number of deaths caused by strokes from bursting blood vessels.

Scientists warn that it is too soon to know if the effect would be the same among people in other countries. They note that the people in Linxian eat foods that lack necessary vitamins and minerals. Chinese officials will continue to record the health records of the people in Linxian for many years. For now officials reportedly are considering using the results of the study. They want to find a way to improve the health of people in Linxian and other small towns in China.

词汇：

esophagus 食道 mixture .混合物;合成品;混合药

fungus 菌类 carotene 胡萝卜素

mold 霉;霉菌 selenium .硒

注释：

1.the first evidence ：第一手证据

2.American National Cancer Institute：美国国家癌症研究所

3.the Cancer Institute of the Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ：中国医学科学院癌症研究所

4.sugar pills ：糖丸

5. a mixture of a form of vitamin A called β–carotene, vitamin E and the mineral selenium: 一种叫做β–胡萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒的混合物

练习:

1.The results of the new study are unexpected.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

2.Among the scientists that did the study, there are more Chinese than Americans.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

3.The study lasted for about five years.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

4.The rate of cancer of stomach and esophagus in Linxian is the highest in China.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

5.Fungus and molds in local foods may be partly responsible for the high cancer rate in Linxian.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

6.All those people who took part in the study received vitamins and minerals.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

7.The results of the study are of great significance to people everywhere.

A. Right B. Wrong C. Not mentioned

答案与题解:

1.B文章一开头便提到,医学专家们多年来一直怀疑,人们的饮食与癌症有着密切的联系。这项新的研究恰恰证实了这一点。故B为答案。

2.C文中说来自中美两家研究所的科学家们共同进行了此项研究,并没有提及具体人数。故C为答案。

3.A文章第一段提到大多数实验对象连续5年每天服用了各种维生素及矿物质,由此可以得出答案。故A为答案。

4.C文章第二段的开头说林县人胃癌及食道癌发病率极高,但并没有说在国内是最高的。故C为答案。

5A 文章第二段中提到,研究者们认为,此地食物中的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的一个原因。故A为答案。

6.B文章第二段中提到,研究者们把实验对象分成8组,其中的7组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物,第8组服用毫无作用的糖丸。故B为答案。

7.B文章最后一段提到,科学家们告诫人们,判断此结果对其他国家的人是否同样有效还为时过早。故B为答案。

译文：食物和癌症

医学专家们很多年来一直怀疑人们的饮食与癌症有着密切地联系。他们说，一项新的研究提供了第一手证据证明维生素可以降低人患癌症的概率。做这项研究的是一队中美科学家。他们来自美国国家癌症研究所和北京的中国医学科学院癌症研究所。《国家癌症研究所杂志》发布了这项研究结果。大约3万40岁到69岁之间的人参与了这项研究。他们来自中国中北部的林县。他们中大部分人连续五年每天服用维生素和矿物质。

选中林县是因为那里的人们患胃癌和食道癌的比例很高。研究者认为，当地食物的真菌和霉菌是癌症发病率高的原因之一。研究者把这些人分为8组。其中7组每天服用不同的维生素和矿物质混合物。这些维生素和矿物质的量比美国医学官员所说的必需量高一到两倍。第8组服用没有任何效力的糖丸。那些获取最多的人服用的是一种就做β-胡萝卜素的维生素A、维生素E和矿物质硒的混合物。人们相信维生素和矿物质可以阻止致癌物质破坏细胞。研究者报告，那些服用β-胡萝卜素、维生素E和硒的人群中患癌率降低了13%。他们同样发现这个人群中脑溢血死亡率降低了10%。

科学家们警告说，现在还不知道这些效果在别的国家的人群中是否一样。他们指出，林县人吃的食物缺少必要的维生素和矿物质。中国官方将在今后许多年继续记录林县人的健康状况。现在，官方声称在考虑使用这项研究成果，他们希望寻找到一条提高林县和中国其他小村镇人民健康的途径。

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