学位英语

Thirst for Oil

Werldwide every day，we devour the energyequivalent of about 200million barrels of Oil．MoHt of theenergy on Earth comes from the Sun．In fact enough energy from the Sun hits the planet’s surface each minute to cover our needsfor an entire year，we justneed to find an efficient way to use it．So far the energy in oil has been cheaper and easierto get at．But assupplies dwindle，this willchange，and we willneed to cure our addiction to oil．

Burning wood satisfied most energy needsuntil the steam-driven industrial revolution，when energy-dense coal became the fuel of choice．Coal is still used，mostly in power stations，to cover orle quarter of our energy needs，but its use has been declining since wcStanedpumping up oil．Coal is theleast efficient，unhealthiestand most environmentally damaging fossil fuel，but could make a comeback，as supplies are still plentiful；its reserves are five times larger than oil’s．

Today petroleum，a mineral oil obtained from below thesurface of the Earth and used to produce petrol，diesel oil and various other chemical substances，provides around 40% of the world’s energy needs，mostly fuelling automobiles．The US consumes a quarter of all oil，and generates a similar proportion ofgreenhouse gas emissions．

The majority of oil Comes from the MiddleEast，which hashalf of known reserves．But othersignificant sources include Russia，North America，Norway，Venezuelaand the North Sea．Alaska'sArctic National Wildlife Refuge1 could be a major new US source，to reduce reliance on foreign imports．

Most experts predict we will exhaust easilyaccessible reserves within 50 years，though opinions and estimates vary．We could fast reach an energy crisis in thenext few decades，when demandexceeds supply． Asconventional reserves become more difficuh to access．others such as oil shales and tar sands maybe used instead．Petrolcould also be obtained from coal．

Since we started using fossil fuels，we have released 400 billion tonnes2 ofcarbon，and burningthe entire reserves could eventually raise world temperatures by 13℃．Among other horrors，this would result in the destruction of allrainforests and tile inching of all Arctic ice．

练习：

1．“．．．we willneed to cure our addiction to oil．” Why doesthe author say so?

A Most of the energy on Earth comes fromthe Sun．

B Oil supply is increasing all the time．

C Demand for oil is increasing all the time．

D Oil supply is decreasing．

2． Which of lhe following statements is NOT meant by theauthor，accordingto the second paragraph?

A Wood wets the fuel of choice before coal．

B The use of coal is declining．

C Coal is the most environmentallyunfriendly fuel next to oil．

D Coal reserves are plentiful and will belikely to become the major fuel of choice．

3． Which country is the biggest consumer of petroleum?

A The United States．  BRussia．  C Norway．  D Venezuela．

4． What do experts say about the earth’s fuel reserves?

A The earth’s fuel reserves will be accessible for the next 50years．

B There will soon be an energy crisis．

C Conventional reserves will soon becomeinaccessible．

D Fuel demand will decline．

5． What is NOT the result of consuming fossil fuelsaccording to the last paragraph?

A Rainforests will be destroyed．

B Arctic ice will be melted．

C The earth’s temperature will be raised．

D The sea level will go up．

答案与题解：

1． D 答案在第一段最后一句中。这里的xupplies指oil supplies。

2． C 短文的第二段告诉我们，木材曾经是主要燃料来源，然后被煤所替代；白人们开始采油后，对煤的需求下降了，但因为煤的储量远大于石油，它可能又会成为主要燃料，尽管它对环境最具破坏力。所以A、B、D均是作者的意思，而C不是。ncxt to oil除石油以外。

3． A 文章的第三段说，美国消耗全世界四分之一的石油。

4． B 答案在第五段第二句中。该段第一句说，地球上的燃料储量将在50年内耗尽，所以A不是正确选择；第三句的意思是，常规燃料的获取将变得困难，而不是不可获得，所以C也不是正确选择；D明显不是作者的意思。

5． D 选项A、B、I：都是最后一段中所表达的意思，所以D是正确选择。

 

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