学位英语

Electric Backpack

1. Backpacks(背包) are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you don’t mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP3 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe even light your way home.

2. Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia(费城[美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市]) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，也是许多重要研究机构所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的缩写：马萨诸塞州，美国东北部的一个州)

)have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-and-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系统) receivers(接收机), night-vision goggles(夜视镜), and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work.. The backpack’s electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the amount of a wearer’s load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science6.

3. The backpack’s electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearer’s back, and the whole pack moves up and down as the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋转的)motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts(瓦(特)).

4. Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits(步态，步法) in response to the pack’s oscillations(摆动) so that they carry loads more comfortably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize(商业化) both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.

5. The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers(登山运动员), and emergency workers who typically carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs aren’t on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!

Questions:

1. Backpacks are convenient because___________.

A) They can be very large

B) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.

C) Your hands are freed to do other things.

D) You do not have to carry things with you.

2. What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?

A) It produces electricity for electronic devices while the wearer walks.

B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.

C) It is small and convenient.

D) It is light and easy to carry.

3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means ____________.

A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.

B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.

C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping.

D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.

4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?

A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.

B) To put the backpack on the market.

C) To test the advantage of the backpack.

D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.

5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”

A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic.

B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.

C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.

D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack.

文章详解：

1. 首先解读标题：Electric(这是理工类阅读中经常出现的单词，因此含义要记住：电子的)Backpack(合成词：back是后背的意思，pack是包、包裹的意思，因此backpack就是背包。)背包是大家日常生活中很熟悉的东西，但电子背包没听说过。带着一份好奇，通读一遍原文，大致了解，电子书包除了大家知道的普通功能之外，科学家还打算让它具有更多更新的功能。虽然现在市场上还买不到，但总有一天会走进我们的生活，为我们带来更多便利的。

2.接下来，在正式看文章每句话之前，先浏览所设置的问题，这样一方面可以更清楚地了解文章的脉络，另一方面一会儿精读时，也比较容易在相关段落找到答案。通过看五个问题，我们知道，它们的答案就出现在文章相应的五个段落里，而且以细节题居多。所以，我们就看一题，针对性地精读一段。先看问题1：

1. Backpacks are convenient because___________.

A) They can be very large他们能够非常大

B) They can hold as many things as you want to carry.你想带多少东西，背包就能装多少东西

C) Your hands are freed to do other things.你的双手能够被解放出来干其它事情

D) You do not have to carry things with you. 你不用随身携带东西了。

题目的意思是：背包很方便，是因为。。。。标准的细节题形式：

文章一开头，就提到Backpacks(背包) are convenient.所以，我们一起把第一段读完：They can hold(装) your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes(换洗衣服), leaving (留着)your hands free (自由的、空闲的)to do other things. Someday(有朝一日), if(如果) you don’t mind carrying (介意做某事，一般用mind doing sth)a heavy load(很重的东西), your backpacks might also power(动词，给。。。提供电能) your MP3 player(MP3播放机), keep(使) your cell phone (手机)running(运行、运转), and maybe even light(照亮) your way home(你回家的路).

看到这里，问题应该有答案了，就是因为C。而其它三个答案，根本就没出现在段落里。

3.看第二题：

2. What is the most important feature (特点、特征)of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(过去分词短语做定语，被。。。所发明的背包)?

A) It produces electricity for electronic devices(设施) while the wearer walks.

当背着它的人在行走时，它能为电子设施产生电流。

B) It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies.

在军事行动中或在科学领域研究中，它能被用作手机电话、全球定位系统。

C) It is small and convenient. 它又小又方便。

D) It is light and easy to carry. 它轻而且容易携带。

题目的意思：由Lawrence和他的同事所发明的背包最重要的特征是什么?这是一道细节题。一起读第二段：

Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues(同事们) from(来自于) the University of Pennsylvania(宾西法尼亚大学) in Philadelphia(费城[美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市]) and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole(美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，也是许多重要研究机构所在地), Mass(Massachusetts 的缩写：马萨诸塞州，美国东北部的一个州。)have invented(发明) a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced(定语从句，意思是：背包能够通过被产生的能量而发电) while its wearer walks. In military actions(在军事行动中), search-and-rescue(搜救) operations(行动), and scientific field studies(科学领域的研究), people increasingly(越来越)rely on (依赖)cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)(全球定位系统) receivers(接收机), night-vision goggles(夜视镜), and other(其它的) battery-powered(以电池为动力的) devices(设施) to get around(四处活动) and do their work.. The backpack’s electricity-generating(发电的，复合形容词，来自于：generate electricity) feature could dramatically(极大地， 同义词：greatly) reduce(减少) the amount (数量)of a wearer’s load(负重、重量) now devoted to(过去分词短语做定语，修饰load，表示被用于。。。) spare batteries(备用电池)(这句话的意思是：背包的发电的特征能够大大地减少过去用于携带备用电池所增加的重量), report(报告) Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science(科学杂志，是国际上著名的自然科学综合类学术期刊，当年爱因斯坦的相对论就发表其上。).

通过对这一段的学习，我们知道了这种背包最重要的特性就是：当背上它的人一边走就会一边产生电能。所以答案为A。

4.让我们继续看第三题：

3. The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 means ____________.

A) a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.一小股自然流淌的水流(泉水)

B) the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.一年中的一个季节，介于冬季和夏季之间(春天)

C) the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. 突然跳起来(蹦)

D) a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed. 来回绕的一段金属，在被挤压后能回复它的原形(弹簧)

这种题型属于曾经介绍过的单词释义题，通常所面对的词汇是多义词，但要通过它出现的上下文，猜测出它的含义。Spring当动词时，意思是蹦、跃起;当名词讲，是泉水、弹簧、发条、春天等。让我们看看文章里含有该词的句子：

The backpack’s electricity-creating(产生的) powers (能量)depend on springs used(被用来) to hang(挂) a cloth pack(布包) from its metal frame(金属框架).

所以，可以推断spring只能当弹簧讲，因此答案是D。

The frame sits(搁、放) against (倚、靠)the wearer’s back, and the whole pack(包) moves up and down(上下移动) as(当) the person walks. A gear ()mechanism(机械装置) converts(转化) vertical(垂直的) movements of the pack to rotary (旋转的)motions(运动) of an electrical generator(电子发电机), producing up to(多达) 7.4 watts(瓦，电功率单位).

5.第四题：

4. According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?

A) To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.为了使背包对于背的人来说更舒适

B) To put the backpack on the market. 为了把背包推向市场

C) To test the advantage of the backpack. 为了检测背包的优点

D) To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.为了在报纸上或电视上促销背包。

题目的意思是;根据第四段，罗马计划要做什么?又是细节题。

Unexpectedly(出人意料的是), tests (实验)showed that wearers of the new backpack alter(同义词change, 改变)their gaits(步态，步法) in response to(响应、配合)the pack’s oscillations(摆动) so that (引导目的状语从句，表示“为了”)they carry(携带) loads(重物、重量) more comfortably and with less effort(更少的力量) than they do ordinary(普通的) backpacks. Because of that surprising(令人吃惊的) advantage(优点、优势), Rome plans(动词，计划) to commercialize(使。。。商业化) both electric(电子的) and non-electric(非电子的) versions (种类)of the backpack.

最后一句是答案的出处，即Rome计划将这种背包商业化，即，推向市场。

所以，答案是B。

6.看最后一个问题：

5. What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”

A) You will be too excited to watch the traffic. 你会太兴奋以至于不注意来往车辆。

B) Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents.

一边走一边享受电子设施有可能会导致意外。

C) It is not possible for you to get such a backpack.你不可能得到这样一个背包。

D) It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 拥有这样一个背包对你来说是明智的。

题目的意思是：“如果你终于得到这样的背包，过马路时一定要两面都看看。”这句话根据提问方式是推理题：即，根据文章已有的信息或文章的含义进行归纳和总结;或推断文章的引申、暗示的含义;

我们一起看最后一段：

The backpack could be especially(尤其) useful(有用的) for soldiers(士兵), scientists, mountaineers(登山运动员), and emergency workers (对紧急情况进行处理的工作人员)who typically(特别地、独特地) carry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us(对于我们其余人而言), power-generating backpacks could make it (形式宾语)possible to walk, play video games(玩游戏), watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time(同时间进行). Electricity-generating packs aren’t on the market (还没有出现在市场上)yet, but 5>.if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!

我们也知道，凡事既有利又有弊。通过读这篇文章，我们知道电子背包有很多的优点，但当我们一边走路，一边玩着游戏、听着音乐、看着电视，就有可能会导致交通意外的发生。所以答案就是B。

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