学位英语

在英语中，时态是英语语法中的难点之一，它种类多，容易混淆，下面结合前面学过的九大句型通过例句说明，并做时态比较，帮助英语学习者理解和掌握时态的用法。
　　一．何谓时、体、态
所谓时是指动作或状态所处的时间。分为过去、现在和将来。以下以我们前面讲过的十大简单句型为主线，系统讲解。进而对此有更深的理解。例：
1．主语+系动词+表语
1）. Tom is a college student.
Tom was a college student.
Tom will be a college student.
2 ）It is sunny today.
It was sunny yesterday.
It will be sunny tomorrow.
2. S +V+O 主语+谓语+宾语
Tom studies English now.
Tom studied English years ago.
Tom will study English.
3. S+V 主语+谓语
Tom studies hard.
Tom studied hard before.
Tom will study hard in the future.
4. S+V+Oi+Od 主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语
Tom gives me a book.
Tom gave me a book.
Tom will give me a book.
5. S+V+O+S 主语+谓语（动词）+宾语+补语
Tom makes me sad.
Tom made me sad.
Tom will make me sad.
6. S+have+O 主语 +have+ 宾语
Tom has many friends.
Tom had many friends.
Tom will have many friends.
7. “there + be …”句型
There are some books on the shelf.
There were some books on the shelf.
There will be some books on the shelf.
8. 比较句型
1) A …than + B （比较级）
Tom is taller than sally.
Tom was taller than sally.
Tom will be taller than sally.
Tom works harder than sally.
Tom worked hard than sally.
Tom will work hader than sally.
2) as…as… （原级比较）
Tom is as tall as sally.
Tom was as tall as sally.
Tom will be as tall as sally.
Tom works as hard as sally.
Tom worked as hard as sally.
Tom will work as hard as sally.
9． “It is + adj形容词 + to do /从句”
It is important to learn English grammar.
It was important to learn Russin grammar.
It will be important to learn Russin grammar.
It is important that we learn English.
It was important that we learnt Russin grammar.
It will be important that we learn Russin grammar[Page] 所谓“体”，是指动作在过去、现在和将来三个不同时间所处的状态。即：常态、进行或完成。那么就有了过去、现在和将来的常态、过去、现在和将来的进行、过去、现在和将来的完成。注意，“体”所表达的主要是对动作的描述，就“主—系—表”结构而言，因为只用来表达静态的事物，所以不存在进行和完成的问题。我们通过以上例句做进一步的说明：
1． 主语+系动词+表语
1）. Tom is a college student.
Tom was a college student.
Tom has a college student.
2 ）It is sunny today.
It was sunny yesterday.
It has sunny .
2. S +V+O 主语+谓语+宾语
Tom studies English now.
Tom is studying English now.
Tom was studying English at 8:00 yesterday.
Tom has studied English.
3. S+V 主语+谓语
Tom studies hard.
Tom is studiying hard.
Tom was studying hard before.
Tom has studied hard
4. S+V+Oi+Od 主语+谓语+间接宾语+ 直接宾语
Tom gives me a book.
Tom is giving me a book.
Tom was giving me a book at that time.
Tom gave me a book.
Tom has given me a book.
5. S+V+O+S 主语+谓语（动词）+宾语+补语
Tom makes me sad.
Tom made me sad.
Tom is making me sad
Tom has made me sad.
6. S+have+O (主语 +have+ 宾语)
Tom has many friends.
Tom had many friends.
Tom has had many friends.
所谓“态”，是指主被动关系。即动作的执行者和接受者哪个位于动作的前面，动作的执行者位于动作的前面，就构成主动关系。也就是我们前面举的例子。若动作的接受者位于动作的前面，则构成被动态。出现这样不同的语态，是由于表达和强调的需要，或没必要指明动作的执行者。请看例句及语态的变化形式：
一般过去时中的)被动语态
被动语态与主动语态在使用上的区别。
a 。
读一读这两个问题并回答。
Who built this bridge?谁修建的这座桥?
Prisoners of war built this bridge in l942．战俘于1942年建的这座桥。
When was this bridge built? 桥是什么时候建的?
This bridge was built in l942．桥是1942年建的。
在第一个问题中我们想知道是谁建了这座桥，在第二个问题中我们想弄清有关桥的一些情况。因此，第一句使用了主动语态，第二句运用了被动语态。
我们也可以讲清是什么人修建的这座桥，用“by十动作执行者”的结构来表示，我们可以说： ，This bridge was built by prisoners of war in 1942．这座桥是战俘于1942年修建的。
b 。
仔细地阅读以下几对句子，每对中的第一句话告诉我们‘个人(回答“谁”)，第二句话告诉我们一件事(回答“什么”或“哪一个”)。
Workmen are building a new road outside my house．(Who)工人们正在我的房子外面修一条新路。
A new road is being built outside my house．(则，砒)我的房子外面有一条新路在建设之中。
The newsagent delivers our papers every moming．(Who)每天上午送报人来送我们的报纸。
Our papers are delivered every morning．(What)我们的报纸每天上午送到。
The postman delivered a letter this morning．(Who)今天上午邮递员送来了一封信。
A letter was delivered this morning．(what)今天上午来了一封信。

（责任编辑：vstara）