考题预测:
B级
1. 重点推荐文章:Geology and health, Blasts from the past (A), soot and snow: a hot combination, icy Microbes, Carl Sagan, How we form first impression, screen Test, The Mir Space Station, Volts from the Sky (C级习题)
2. 非重点文章:A Strong Greenhouse Gas
3. 推测概括大意完成句子部分的考题可能从书外出题, 也可能从书上出题。
A级
1. 重点推荐文章:intelligence: a changed view, Blasts from the past, Geology and health (B), soot and snow: a hot combination, icy Microbes, Carl Sagan, How we form first impression, The Mir Space Station, Volts from the Sky (C级习题)
2 非重点文章:The magic to personal digital pen
3. 推测概括大意完成句子部分的考题可能从书外出题, 也可能从书上出题。
职称英语常见词汇
Contaminate (A)v. 污染
contend (A)v. 斗争,竞争(contend for/争取)
content (B)n. 内容,容量,目录adj. 满足的,满意的,愿意vt. 使满足(be content to do sth. /乐于做某事be content with/沉迷[满足]于)
continent n. 大陆,陆地
continue v. 继续,连续,延伸(continue doing sth/持续做某事, to be continued/待续(用于报刊上连载的文章等)
continuous adj.连续的, 持续的
contract n. 合同,契约v.使缩短 (make a contract with/与……签定合同)
contrary adj. 相反的,逆的(be contrary to/与……相反on the contrary/(与此)相反,(不是……)而是)
contrast vt. 使与……对比,使与……对照vi. 和……形成对照n. 对比,对照,(对照中的)差异(in contrast with/和……形成对比[对照] contrast with/和……对比)
contribute v.捐献,贡献,投稿(contribute to/捐献,贡献)
control n. 控制,管理, 调节vt. 控制,支配,管理(物价等)( out of control/不受控制under the control of/受……的控制)
convenient adj. 便利的,方便的
convert vt. 使转变,转换……
convince vt. 使确信,使信服(convince.. of../使……相信be convinced of/确信,承认)
cooperate vi. 合作,协作(cooperate with (sb. ) in (sth. )/和(某人)合作(某事))
cope vi. (善于)应付,(善于)处理(cope with/应付,对付,克服)
correct adj. 正确的, 恰当的, 端正的vt. 改正, 纠正, 告诫
cost n. 成本, 价钱, 代价vt. 价值为, (使)花费(金钱,时间,劳力等), 使失去(生命,健康等)( at the cost of/以……为代价, 用……换来的;丧失)
costly (B)adj. 昂贵的,贵重的
count v. 数,计算,认为,有价值 n. 计数,计算(count on /依赖, count in/把……计算在内)
country n. 国家国土 adj. 乡下的,乡村的 ( host country/东道国)
couple n. (一)对,(一)双, 夫妇 vt. 连合,连接,结合(a couple of/两三个,(少数)几个)
courage n. 勇气,精神(lose courage/丧失勇气be of courage/有勇气的keep up one’s courage/不泄气,不气馁)
course n. 过程,路线,跑道,课程,一道菜(in the course of/在..过程中of course/自然;当然)
court n. 法院,庭院,球场(bring into court/诉诸法律)
courteous (A)adj.有礼貌的, 谦恭的
cover n. 盖子,封面 vt. 覆盖,掩护,包括,包含(cover...with.../用..覆盖..)
coverage (B)n. 覆盖, 新闻报导
Soot (煤灰) and Snow:a Hot Combination
New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions of black soot alter the waysunlight reflects off snow.According to a computer simulation,black soot may beresponsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.
Soot in the higher latitudes of the Earth,where ice is more common,absorbs more of the sun’s energy and warmth than an icy,white background.Dark-colored black carbon,or soot,absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight.
Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change.Also,if snow and ice covered areas begin melting,the warming effect increases,as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface.”This provides a positive feedback.as glaciers and ice sheets melt,they tend to get even dirtier,”said Dr.James Hansen,a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies.New York.
Hansen found soot’s effect on snow albedo (solar energy reflected back to space),which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere,such as thinning Arctic sea ice,melting glaciers and permafrost.Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.
“Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space,thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,”Hansen said.Soot’s increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate.
“This forcing is unusually effective,causing twice as much global warming as acarbon.dioxide forcing of the same magnitude.”Hansen noted.
Hansen cautioned,although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial,it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century.Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century.
The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes.These observations were consistent with the researchers’climate model simulations.which showed some
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