学位英语

第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）
下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
　 
             第一篇  Heat and Health
　
　  Extremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world.Although hot weather just makes most people hot,it can cause medical problems-and death.
Health experts say that since the year 1900,extremely hot weather has killed more people in the United States than  any other natural event.One year-the unusually hot summer of 1980-heat caused about 1,700 deaths in the United States.In 1995,more than 600 people died in a similar heat wave in one city-Chicago.
To measure extreme heat,govemment weather experts have developed the  Mean Heat Index.It measures the average of how hot it is felt all day on an extremely hot day.Experts say it is the total heat of a hot day or several hot days that can affect health.Several hot days are considered a heat wave.Experts say heat waves often become deadly when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature.
The most common medical problem caused by hot weather is heat stress.Usually,it also is the least severe.For most peoople,the only result of heat stress is muscle pain.The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot.Doctors say drinking water will help the pain disappear after the body again has the right amounts of water and salt.For some people,however,the result is much more serious.
For example,doctors say some people face a greatly increased danger from heat stress.These people have a weak or damaged heart,high blood pressure,or other problems of the blood system.Severe heat can help cause a heart attack or stroke.Health experts say this is the most common cause of death linked to hot weather.
　
31.How many people died from heat in Chicago in 1995?
A.About 1700.
B.Nearly 1900.
C.Around 1100.
D.Over 600.
　
32.What can people learn from the Mean Heat Index?
A.The average temperature of an extremely hot day.
B.The highest temperature of an extremely hot day.
C.The lowest temperature of an extremely hot day.
D.The nighttime temperature of an extremely hot day.
　
33.A heat wave is a period of time during which
A.the weather is much better than usual.
B.the nights are much longer than usual.
C.the weather is much hotter than usual.
D.the days are much longer than usual.
　
34.Muscle pain in hot weather means that your body needs
A.more exercise.
B.more water.
C.less oxygen.
D.less sugar.
　
35.For people who are in extremely poor health,heat can be
A.deadly.
B.painful.
C.helpful.
D.stressful.
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            第二篇  Good Table Manners
　
Manners play an important part in making a favorable impression at the dinner table.Here are some general rules:
Napkin（餐巾）use
The meal begins when the host unfolds his or her napkin.This is your signal to do the same,so place your napkin on your lap.Unfold it completely if it is a small napkin,or in half,lengthwise（纵向地）,if it is a large dinner napkin.
If you need to leave the table during the meal,place your napkin on your chair as a signal to your server that you will be returning.Once the meal is over,place your napkin neatly on the table to the right of your dinner plate.Do not refold it.
Use a napkin only for your mouth.Never use it for your nose,face or forehead.
Use of utensils（餐具）
Start with the knife,fork or spoon furthest from your plate,and work your way in,using one utensil for each course.
If soup is served,remember to spoon away from yoursefl.This helps stop the drips.Do not put the entire soup spoon in your mouth.Instead,fill a soup spoon about 75 per cent with soup,and sip（啜饮）it from the side noiselessly.
After finishing dinner,place the knife and fork parallel to one another across the plate with the knife alade facing inward toward the plate.
Using your fingers
Here's a list of finger foods:sandwiches,cookies,small fruits or berries with stems,French fries and potato chips,and hamburgers.
Chew（咀嚼）with your mouth closed and don't make noise;don't talk with your mouth full.
Bread must be broken with your hands.It is never cut with a knife.
Don't pick something out of your teeth.Instead,excuse yourself to the bathroom.
If possible,try not to cough at the table.
Do not put your elbows（肘）on the table.In France,it is essential to have both hands above the table at the same time.
Do not put bones or anything else on the table.Things that are not eaten should be put on your plate.
　
36.Where is the napkin normally placed during the meal?
A.On your chair.
B.On the table.
C.On your lap.
D.On your plate.
　
37.The napkin is used only for
A.your forehead.
B.your mouth.
C.your nose.
D.your face.
　
38.Which utensil is used first?
A.The knife.
B.The fork.
C.The spoon.
D.The one farthest from the plate.
　
39.All of the following are finger foods except
A.soup.
B.sandwiches.
C.cookies.
D.hamburgers.
　
40.Which of the following shows good table manners?
A.Talking with your mouth full.
B.Putting bones on your plate.
C.Putting your elbows on the table.
D.Chewing with your month open.
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                  第三篇   Wayne Beno
　
Wayne Beno was a true outdoorsman.Fishing,boating,hunting,walking through the woods with his three dogs,Wayne loved and did it all.Then life changed dramatically.Wayne was diagnosed with Parkinson's disease（帕金森氏病）.
"For the next thirteen years I took 28 pills a day,had horrible side effects,and even with all those pills I still had lots of shaking and tremors（颤抖）.I only went out during peak times,when I was looking and feeling my best.But that wasn't often and I really couldn't do much of anything.I felt like the life I loved was over,"said Wayne.
Then Wayne's doctor in Green Bay suggested he consider a breakthrough surgical option being offered at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin called Deep Brain Stimulation（刺激）（DBS）.DBS is a surgical option used to treat disabling movement disorders related to Parkinson's disease,essential tremor and more.It is not a cure,but significant improvement is seen in most movement disorder cases,with relatively low risk to the patient.
In addition to his doctor's recommendation,Wayne had a neighbor and fishing friend who had the DBS procedure at Froedtert & the Medical College of Wisconsin.His friend's experience convinced Wayne that the 180-mile trip from his home in Crivitz,Wisconsin could be well worth the effort.
And was it ever.
"It was the best thing I ever did.I'm down to zero pills a day and I don't shake at all,"reports Wayne."Before the surgery,I felt bad every single day.Now I feel like my old self.I'm back to business as usual,which for me means fishing,fishing,and more fishing,every day of the year.Things just couldn't be any better!"
　
41.Before getting Parkinson's disease,Wayne loved
A.social activities.
B.outdoor activities.
C.productive activities.
D.quiet activities.
　
42.What was true of the pills Wayne took for 13 years?
A.They cured his disease.
B.They produced terrible side effect

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