国际货运代理人考试

来源：   【货运代理考试');">：中国最优秀的考试信息平台】   2010年8月6日 货运代理考试辅导：海运提单的概念、海运提单的三大功能、海运提单的类型、以及海运提单常用的短语名词

　　一、 海运提单的一般概念 (考试重点)
　　注：我国《海商法》第71条对提单的定义描述：“提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接受或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。”
　　英文原文：A bill of lading is a type of document that is used to acknowledge the receipt of a shipment of goods. Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in 　　　　　international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea. They define the terms and conditions of carriage for transport of cargo by sea.
　　注释：a type of: 一种类型的… acknowledge: 承认, 收到的通知marine bills of lading: 海运提单 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地 international sales of goods:　国际货物的销售 carriage: 运输
　　中文意思：提单是一种用以证明收到运输货物的单据。海运提单主要用于国际货物销售的海上运输中。提单规定了海上货物运输的条款。
　　英文原文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. Broadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on board a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship.
　　注释：definition: 定义 vary from: 不同 broadly: 宽广地，广泛, 总体而言　on board: 在船上 stating: 陈述，申明(在此为“载明”)
　　中文意思：每个国家对于提单的定义各有不同。总体而言，提单是货物装船的收据;它由达成货物运输协议的承运人签字，上有货物送到船上及被船方接收的条款。
　　英文原文：It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract.
　　注释：actual:　实际的，真实的　excellent: 极好的，卓越的 evidence: 证据，凭证
　　中文意思：提单不是实际的合同，但却是合同条款的证明。
　　二、Functions of the Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的功能(3大功能)
　　海洋提单的三大功能(考试重点)
　　1.Receipt for the goods shipped 货物装船的收据
　　英文原文：A bill of lading is a receipt issued by a carrier that an identifiable consignment of goods has been received by him for shipment, or actually loaded on board his ship.
　　注释：identifiable:　可以确认的　consignment of goods: 货物托运(consignment: (货物的)交托，交货，发货，运送)
　　中文意思： 提单是由承运人签发的有关承运人已接管提单所明确记载的货物或将货物装船的证明。
　　英文原文:The bill of lading as a receipt will show the quantity and condition of the cargo loaded, ship’s name, port of loading, the destination, details of 　　　date and so on.
　　注释：show: 显示，表明，列出 quantity: 数量 condition: 条件，环境 ，情形(在此是指“货物的状况”) destination: 目的地 details:　详细资料　and so on:　等等
　　中文意思：提单作为收据将会列明所装载货物的数量和状况，船舶的名称，装运港，目的地，以及日期等等。
　　三、Types of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的类型 (考试重点)
　　1、Order Bills of Lading 指示提单
　　特点：
　　1) Order bills are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or consignee. 指示提单是由承运人签发给指定的托运人或者收货人。
　　2) The carrier, shipowner, charterer or master will deliver the goods at the port of destination not solely to the named consignee, but to any person designated by him. 承运人，船东，租船人或者船长在目的港交货，不仅可交付给指定的收货人，还可交付给任何收货人指定的其他人。
　　注释：master: 船长 solely: 独自地，单独地 designated: 指定的，派定的
　　3) An order bill of lading is a negotiable document. 一份指示提单是一份可转让单据。
　　注释：negotiable document: 可转让单据
　　4) Order bills made out to consignee “or order” can be transferred by them by endorsement. 提单载明收货人或“由某人指示”的指示提单可通过收货人或指示人背书进行转让。
　　注释：make out:　填写，书写，说明　transfer: 转让，过户 endorsement: 背书
　　2、 Straight Bills of Lading 记名提单
　　特点：
　　1)In contrast with the order bills of lading, straight bills are those made out to named consignees without the addition of the words “or order”. 与指示提单相比，记名提单载明指定的收货人而没有附加“由某人指示”的措辞。(与指示提单的区别，指示提单可有“or order”字样)
　　注释：in contrast with:　对比，和...形成对比
　　2)Straight bills of lading is not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties. 记名提单是不可转让的，不能转让给第三方。(与指示提单的区别，指示提单可转让)
　　注释：third parties: 第三方
　　3)Delivery of goods can only be taken by the named consignee. 只能由指定的收货人提取货物。(与指示提单的区别，指示提单中货物可交给指定的收货人或收货人指定的其他人)

来源：   【：中国最优秀的考试信息平台】   2010年8月6日 货运代理考试辅导：海运提单的概念、海运提单的三大功能、海运提单的类型、以及海运提单常用的短语名词 　　历年考题：
　　The ( ) can not be transferred to third parties.
　　A. straight B/L
　　B. direct B/L
　　C. shipped B/L
　　D. order B/L
　　答案：A
　　分析：记名提单指定了收货人，是不可转让的，也不能转让给第三方。
　　3、 Shipped Bills of Lading 已装船提单
　　特点：
　　1)Shipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded, it confirms that the goods are actually on board the vessel. 已装船提单载明货物已装船，确定货物已实际装上船舶。
　　注释：definitely: 明确地，干脆地 confirm: 确定，确认 actually:　实际上，事实上
　　2) Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with wording: “Shipped in apparent good order and condition.” 大部分提单格式都会被打印成已装船提单格式并且标注“已装船外表状况明显良好“的措辞。
　　注释：commence with:　从...开始　apparent:　外观的 Shipped in apparent good order and condition：已装船外表状况明显良好
　　4、 Received for shipment Bills of Lading 收货待运提单
　　特点：
　　1)Received for shipment bills state that the goods have been received for shipment, and do not indicate the actual date of loading. 收货待运提单载明货物已经收货待运，但是不显示实际的装载日期。
　　注释：indicate: 指出，显示
　　2)The received for shipment bill of lading grew up because with the development of the liner services it became the custom for the shipowner to receive the cargo some hours or even days before it was actually loaded. 收货待运提单因班轮运输业务的发展而成长起来的并逐渐成为惯例，船东在实际装载之前几个小时甚至几天收到货物。(提前收货)
　　注释：grow up:成长，发展　development: 发展 liner services: 班轮运输业务
　　四、常用短语、名词
　　Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单
　　Consignment of goods 货物托运
　　Destination 目的地
　　Document of title 物权凭证
　　Port of destination 目的港
　　Order bills of lading 指示提单
　　Straight bills of lading 记名提单
　　Shipped bills of lading 已装船提单
　　Shipped in apparent good order and condition 已装船外表状况明显良好
　　Received for shipment bills of lading 收货代运提单

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