国际货运代理人考试

来源：   【货运代理考试');">：中国教育考试第一门户】   2012年8月16日 本文主要介绍海运提单的一般概念、海运提单的作用与海运提单的类型，供大家参考。 本文导航

• 第1页：海运提单一般概念与作用

• 第2页：海运提单的类型

　　一、 General concept of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的一般概念 (考试重点)
　　1-1 课文：Marine Bills of lading are used primarily in international sales of goods where the carriage of goods is by sea.
　　注释：marine bills of lading: 海运提单 primarily: 首先，起初，主要地 international sales of goods:　国际货物的销售 carriage: 运输
　　课文意思：海运提单主要用于国际货物销售的海上运输中。
　　1-2 课文：Definitions of the Bill of Lading vary from country to country. Broadly, the bill of lading has been defined as receipt for goods shipped on board a ship, signed by the person (or his agent) contracts to carry them, and stating the terms on which the goods were delivered to and received by the ship.(海运提单的定义，掌握)
　　注释：definition: 定义 vary from: 不同 broadly: 宽广地，广泛, 总体而言　on board: 在船上 stating: 陈述，申明
　　课文意思：每个国家对于提单的定义各有不同。总体而言，提单是货物装船的收据;它由达成货物运输协议的承运人签字，上有货物送到船上及被船方接收的条款。
　　1-3 课文：It is not the actual contract, but forms excellent evidence of the terms of the contract.
　　注释：actual:　实际的，真实的　excellent: 极好的，卓越的 evidence: 证据，凭证
　　课文意思：提单不是实际的合同，但却构成据以履行合同条款极好的保证。
　　我国《海商法》对提单的定义：提单，是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船，以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。提单中载明的向记名人交付货物，或者按照指示人的指示交付货物，或者向提单持有人交付货物的条款，构成承运人据以交付货物的保证。
　　二、Functions of the Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的作用
　　海洋提单的三个作用(考试重点)
　　1.Receipt for the goods shipped 货物装船的收据
　　课文：A bill of lading is a receipt issued by a carrier that an identifiable consignment of goods has been received by him for shipment, or actually loaded on board his ship.
　　注释：receipt: 收据 issue: 签发 carrier: 承运人 identifiable:　可以确认的　consignment: (货物的)交托，交货，发货，运送
　　课文意思： 提单是由承运人签发的有关承运人已接管提单所明确记载的货物或将货物装船的证明。
　　课文:The bill of lading as a receipt will show the quantity and condition of the cargo loaded, ship’s name, port of loading, the destination, details of date and so on.
　　注释：condition: 条件，环境 ，情形 destination: 目的地 details:　详细资料　and so on:　等等
　　课文意思：提单作为收据将会列明所装载货物的数量和情况，船舶的名称，装运港，目的地，以及详细的日期等等。
　　2.Document of title to the goods. 货物的物权凭证
　　课文：A bill of lading is a document of title to the goods. The possession of a bill of lading is equivalent in law to possession of the goods.
　　注释：document of title:　物权凭证　possession：所有，所有权，持有，占有 equivalent:　相等的，相当的，同意义的
　　课文意思：提单是货物的物权凭证。持有提单在法律上等同于持有货物。
　　课文：The holder of the bill of lading is able to obtain delivery of the goods at the port of destination and during transit the goods can be sold merely by endorsing the bill of lading.
　　注释：holder: 持有者，所有者 be able to: 能够 obtain:　获得，得到　port of destination：目的港 transit:　运输，运送　merely:　仅仅，只不过　endorse:　背书，在(票据)背面签名，认可
　　课文意思：提单的持有者可以在目的港提取货物并且在货物的运输期间可以仅仅通过背书提单将货物卖掉。
　　3.Evidence of contract 合同的证明
　　课文：Additionally, the terms of the bill of lading provide evidence of the contract of carriage between the carrier and the shipper. The terms of the bill of lading contain the terms of the contract.
　　注释：additionally:　另外，加之，又　term: 条款 provide:　提供，规定　evidence:　证据，证明
　　课文意思：另外，提单的条款也为承运人与托运人之间运输合同提供了证明。提单的条款包含了合同中的条款。

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来源：   【：中国教育考试第一门户】   2012年8月16日 本文主要介绍海运提单的一般概念、海运提单的作用与海运提单的类型，供大家参考。 本文导航

• 第1页：海运提单一般概念与作用

• 第2页：海运提单的类型

　　三、Types of Marine Bills of Lading 海运提单的类型 (考试重点)
　　3-1 Order Bills of Lading 指示提单
　　特点：
　　1. Order bills are issued by carriers to the order of shipper or consignee. 指示提单是由承运人签发给指定的托运人或者收货人。
　　2.The carrier, shipowner, charterer or master will deliver the goods at the port of destination not solely to the named consignee, but to any person designated by him. 承运人，船东，租船人或者船长将在目的港交货，不用单独交付给指定的收货人，可交付给任何其指定的人。(注释：master: 船长 solely: 独自地，单独地 designated: 指定的，派定的)
　　3. An order bill of lading is a negotiable document. 一份指示提单是一份可转让单据。(注释：negotiable document: 可转让单据)
　　4. Order bills made out to consignee “or order” can be transferred by them by endorsement. 提单载明收货人或“由某人指示”的指示提单可通过收货人或指示人背书进行转让。(注释：make out:　填写，书写，说明　transfer: 转让，过户 endorsement: 背书)
　　3-2 Straight Bills of Lading 记名提单
　　特点：
　　1.In contrast with the order bills of lading, straight bills are those made out to named consignees without the addition of the words “or order”. 与指示提单相比，记名提单载明指定的收货人而没有附加“由某人指示”的措辞。(注释：in contrast with:　对比，和...形成对比)
　　2.Straight bills of lading is not negotiable and cannot be transferred to third parties. 记名提单是不可转让的，不能转让给第三方。(注释：third parties: 第三方)
　　3.Delivery of goods can only be taken by the named consignee. 只能由指定的收货人提取货物。
　　3-3 Shipped Bills of Lading 已装船提单
　　特点：
　　1. Shipped bills state definitely that the goods have been loaded, it confirms that the goods are actually on board the vessel. 已装船提单明确表明货物已装船，确定货物已实际装上船舶。( 注释：state: 陈述，表明 definitely: 明确地，干脆地 confirm: 确定，确认 actually:　实际上，事实上)
　　2.Most bills of lading forms are printed as shipped bills and commence with wording: “Shipped in apparent good order and condition.” 大部分提单格式都会被打印成已装船提单格式并且标注“
　　已装船外表状况明显良好“的措辞。(注释：commence with:　从...开始　apparent:　外观的)
　　3-4 Received for shipment Bills of Lading 收货待运提单
　　特点：
　　1.Received for shipment bills state that the goods have been received for shipment, and do not indicate the actual date of loading. 收货待运提单表明货物已经收货待运，但是不显示实际的装载日期。(注释：indicate: 指出，显示)
　　2.The received for shipment bill of lading grew up because with the development of the liner services it became the custom for the shipowner to receive the cargo some hours or even days before it was actually loaded. 收货待运提单因班轮运输业务的发展而成长起来的并逐渐成为惯例，船东在实际装载期之前几个小时甚至几天收到货物。(注释：grow up:成长，发展　development: 发展 liner services: 班轮运输业务 )
　　3-5 Direct Bills of Lading 直达提单
　　特点：Direct bills of lading are those covering shipments between direct ports of loading or discharge. 直达提单是货物从装运港直接运至目的港卸货的提单。(货物从装货港受载后，中途不经换船，直接运至目的港卸船交付货物的提单)
　　3-6 Through Bills of Lading 联运提单
　　特点：
　　1.Through bills of lading cover shipment from or to ports involving transport by two or more shipping or railways companies. 联运提单是由两个或者两个以上的海运或铁路运输公司负责货物从或者至多个港口间的运输。(注释：involve: 包括，涉及 shipping company: 海运公司 railways:铁道，铁路)
　　2.The shipping company, for additional freight, undertakes to make all arrangements to get the goods to their destination. 海运公司将承担额外的运费保证货物到达目的地。(注释：additional:额外的，附加的　undertake:　承担，保证　arrangement:　安排　)
　　3-7 Clean versus Foul Bills of Lading 清洁提单和不清洁提单
　　1.Clean bill of lading 清洁提单
　　课文：The clean bill of lading bears an indication that the goods were received without damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the words “apparent good order and condition”, “clean on board” or the like are indicated on the B/L. 清洁提单载明货物受货时无损坏，无异常或无短装现象，通常提单上注明“货物外表状态良好”，“清洁已装船”或类似的字样。(注释：damage: 损坏 irregularity: 异常 short shipment: 短装 clean on board: 清洁已装船 indicate: 显示，表明)
　　2.Foul Bills of Lading 不清洁提单
　　课文：The foul bill of lading - unclean bill of lading, dirty bill of lading or claused bill of lading -is the opposite of the clean bill of lading. It bears an indication that the goods were received with damages, irregularities or short shipment, usually the words “unclean on board” or the like are indicated on the B/L, for example, “insufficient packing”, “missing safety seal” and “one carton short”. 不清洁提单是与清洁提单相对立的提单。提单上载明货物受货时有损坏，有异常或短装，通常会标注“不清洁已装船”或类似的字样，比如“包装不良”，“缺少安全封条”或“一箱短装”等字样。(注释：opposite: 相对的，对立的，相反的 insufficient packing: 包装不良 safety seal: 安全封条 carton: 纸箱)

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