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Unit 7 The Practice of International Ocean Cargo Transportation
(一)基本要求
了解:Transport geography
熟悉:Different Types of Shipping Services
掌握:Shipping Documents
(二)考试内容:
1. Transport geography
2. Different Types of Shipping Services
2.1 Conference lines(班轮公会航线)
(1) definition
A shipping conference (班轮公会) is a group of shipping lines operating in any particular route under agreement to provided a scheduled service with a common tariff and a fixed itinerary of port of call.
(2) purpose
to eliminate price competition among member lines
to reduce outside competition
(3) advantages
to shippers are stability of freight rates and regularity of services.
(4) disadvantages
Rates are usually high.
Rates do not fluctuate according to supply and demand
Rates and procedures are inflexible.
2.2 Non-Conference lines
This is attributable to the development of containerization and emergence of many independent carriers.
2.3 Non-vessel operating common carrier (NVOCC)
An NVOCC is a carrier who operates a regular scheduled service. He does not own or operate the vessels by which sea transportation is provided. Although the NVOCC is a carrier in his relationship with the actual shipper, he is a shipper in his relationship with the actual carrier. He renders a useful service by providing groupage or consolidation services, particularly to small shipper who do not have much bargaining power in negotiating rates.
2.4 Tramp service(不定期船运输)
Tramp service has no fixed itinerary or schedule and is operated on any route according to supply and demand.
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来源: 【考试就上,大小考试都不怕】 2012年12月3日 本文主要介绍货代英语Unit 7 The Practice of International Ocean Cargo Transportation,供大家参考。 本文导航编辑推荐:货运代理考试货代英语精华辅导汇总
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