学位英语

第二篇

的政府。

35  A  答案在笫五段里下面这两句句子中可以看到：Many countries are now interested in  Bhutan's GNH.  These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness.

第二篇

Some People Do Not Taste Salt Like Others

Low-salt foods may be harder for some people to like than others, according to a study by a Penn State College of Agricultural Sciences food scientist. The research indicates that genetic factors influence some of the difference in the levels of salt we like to eat.

Those conclusions are important because recent, well-publicized efforts to reduce the salt content in food have left many people struggling to accept fare that simply does not taste as good to them as it does to others, pointed out John Hayes, assistant professor of food science, who was lead investigator on the study.

Diets high in salt can increase the risk of high blood pressure and stroke. That is why public health experts and food companies are working together on ways to help consumers lower salt intake through foods that are enjoyable to eat. This study increases understanding of salt preference and consumption.

The research involved 87 carefully screened participants who sampled salty foods such as soup and chips, on multiple occasions, spread out over weeks. Test subjects were 45 men and 42 women, reportedly healthy, ranging in age from 20 to 40 years. The sample was composed of individuals who were not actively modifying their dietary intake and did not smoke cigarettes. They rated the intensity of taste on a commonly used scientific scale, ranging from barely detectable to strongest sensation of any kind.

"Most of us like the taste of salt. However, some individuals eat more salt, both because they like the taste of saltiness more, and also because it is needed to block other unpleasant tastes in food.” said Hayes. "Supertasters, people who experience tastes more intensely, consume more salt than do nontasters. Snack foods have saltiness as their primary flavor, and at least for these foods, more is better, so the supertasters seem to like them more.”

However, supertasters also need higher levels of salt to block unpleasant bitter tastes in foods such as cheese, Hayes noted. "For example, cheese is a wonderful blend of dairy flavors from fermented milk, but also bitter tastes from ripening that are blocked by salt," he said. "A supertaster finds low-salt cheese unpleasant because the bitterness is too pronounced."

Hayes cited research done more than 75 years ago by a chemist named Fox and a geneticist named Blakeslee, showing that individuals differ in their ability to taste certain chemicals. As a result, Hayes explained, we know that a wide range in taste acuity exists, and this variation is as normal as variations in eye and hair color.

"Some people, called supertasters, describe bitter compounds as being extremely bitter, while others, called nontasters, find these same bitter compounds to be tasteless or only weakly bitter." he said. "Response to bitter compounds is one of many ways to identify biological differences in food preference because supertasting is not limited to bitterness.”

36.  John Hayes points out in a recent study that

A. it is healthy to eat food without salt.

B. many people reject low-salt food completely.

C. many people accept low-salt tasteless food reluctantly.

D. food with less salt tastes better.

37. The fourth paragraph describes briefly

A. the purpose of the study.

B. the research methodology.

C. the analysis of the research results.

D. the conclusion of the study.

38. The article argues that supertasters

A. like the taste of saltiness to block sweet tastes in food.

B. like snack foods as saltiness is their primary flavor.

C. consume less salt because they don't like intensive tastes.

D. like to share salty cheese with nontasters.

39. In paragraph 6, the word "pronounced" is closest in meaning to

A. weary.

B. weak.

C. strong.

D. strange.

40. The last two paragraphs illustrate that taste acuity is

A. genetically determined.

B. developed over time after birth.

C. related to one's eye and hair color.

D. still unknown to scientists.

本题分数（15）

36  C  从第一段和第二段中我们知道，很多人是很难接受低盐食品的，故C是正确答案，其他选项短文中部没有那么说。

37  B  第四段讲了如何对87位参与实验的人进行分类，如何测试，用什么东西进行测试，测试多长时问，因此应该是B，其他选项都不是第四段的内容。

38  B  笫五段后半段说到，“口味要求重的人对口味要求强烈，他们吃盐比口味要求轻的人多，而快餐食品主要是咸味，所以他们更喜欢快餐食品”，故B是正确答案，其他选项均与事实不符

39  Cpronounced作为形容词，其意思就是definite（明确的）、strongly  marked（很明显的），故这里strong是它的同义词。

40  A  第五段说到，“味觉敏感度的差异，与眼睛和头发的颜色一样，是自然存在的”，可见这是遗传所决定的，其他各个选项都不是短文论述的内容。

（责任编辑：vstara）

共9页,当前第5页  第一页  前一页  下一页