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Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until， finally， some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately， most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact， we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset， one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power， wealth， or fame（荣誉）。
Because ill health is a universal problem， affecting both the individual and society， the human response to sickness in always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises， over time， a number of standard， values， groups， statuses， and roles： in other words， an institution（体系，机构）。 To the sociologist（社会学家）， then， medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and the treatment of disease.
In the simple pre-industrial societies， medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary， often involving only two roles： the sick and the healer（治疗者）。 The later is typically also the priest（牧师）， who relies primarily on religious ceremonies， both to identify and to treat disease： For example， bones may be thrown to establish a cause， songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies， on the other hand， the institution has become highly complicated and specialized， including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon， druggist， hospital administrator， linked with organizations such as nursing houses， insurance companies， and medical schools. Medicine， in fact， has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.
26. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1？
A、Nowadays most people believe
B、Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.
C、most of us are aware of the full value of health
D、ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.
27. The word “authorize” in paragraph 2 means “______”。
A、make way for
B、give power to
C、write an order for
D、make it possible for
28. In paragraph 2， we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.
A、a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy
B、a universal problem that affects every society
C、a social responsibility to treat ill health
D、a science that focuses on the treatment of disease
29. According to Paragraph 3， which of the following is NOT true？
A、In the past， bones might be used to decide why people fell ill
B、In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing
C、Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it.
D、there were only two roles in an elementary medical system， the patient and the one who tried to cure them.
30. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.
A、sociological aspects in medicine
B、medical treatment of diseases
C、the development of medical science
D、the role of religion in medicine
26. B
判断题。 我们可以把所给的4个句子逐一与短文第一段进行对照。A与第3句内容不符；B与第1、2句的内容相符；C与第4句的内容不符；D与第5句的内容不符。
译文：每个人都会生病，疾病和受伤会使我们感到痛苦。
27. B
猜测词义题。
该词出现在第二段第3句，译文：每个社会对于健康和疾病都有自己的观念，并且给予人们权力来决定谁生病了以及如何给病人治疗。根据该词所跟的宾语看，B符合题意，意思是“给予某人权力”。
28. A
依据短文第2段第5句内容，译文：对于社会学家来说， 药是保持人们身体健康和治疗疾病的体系。
29. C
判断题。我们仔细阅读第3题，对所给的4个句子逐一对照，不难看出A，B在第3句中，D在第2句中所谈及。那么只有C的内容未提及。
30. A
主旨题。纵观全文，作者用很大的篇幅，从社会学方面讨论了对待药的看法。
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