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III. Reading Comprehension （30 points， 2 points for each item）
从下列每篇短文的问题后所给的四个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，并在答题卡上将相应的字母涂黑。
Passage One
Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.
Alcohol affects the brain； and its immediate effects are more marked on those who are not used to the drug than on regular drinkers. It is not a stimulant but a depressant， which adversely affects concentration， removes inhabitations， and increases the risk of accidents. Under the influence of alcohol people are less able to exercise self-control and may say and do things that they afterwards regret——perhaps for the rest of their lives. For example， a girl who does not wish to have a baby may be made pregnant by a man whom she would not have chosen as the farther of her child； and a man may make pregnant a woman whom he would not have chosen as the mother of his child. Some other forms of drug taking， like drinking alcohol and smoking tobacco， are part of group behavior. Such drug taking is encouraged by those who are already addicted to the drug， and by those who profit by making and selling the drug.
I mean one who starts taking a drug may soon become addicted to it. As with all bad habits， it is better not to start drug taking than to suffer the physical and emotional harm caused by the drug and to have the problem of trying to break the addiction. It is best， therefore， to refuse the drugs that is offered. Apart from other considerations， drugs that come from unreliable sources （because their manufacturer and distribution is against the law.） and not available in carefully measured and doses and their purity are not guaranteed. Their effects are unpredictable and they may well be dangerous. If such drugs are offered by so-called friends you wouldn't be well advised to find new friends， who share your values， and to continue being yourself.
21. Regular drinkers of alcohol are those who_______
are not used to the drug
many get immediate effects from the drink
sufferer a lot from the drink
drink the drug very often
22. Under the influence of alcohol， people____________.
are able to concentrate themselves
are able to exercise self control
are afraid of taking the risk of accidents
may see and do things that they afterwards regret
23. The girl in the passage_________
is made pregnant by a man she doesn't like
wishes to marry the man who is her baby's farther
does not really like the man to marry her
does not have a baby
24. According to the author， we you are offered a drug， you'd better____
refuse it
take it from reliable sources
accept it and soon become addicted to it
start drug taking
25. Drugs that come from unreliable sources__________
are illegal
are not available in measured doses
are encouraged to take
are manufactured abroad
Passage Two
Questions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.
Everybody gets sick. Disease and injury make us suffer throughout our lives until， finally， some attack on the body brings our existence to an end. Fortunately， most of us in modern industrialized societies can take relatively good health for granted most of the time. In fact， we tend to fully realize the importance of good health only when we or those close to us become seriously ill. At such times we keenly appreciate the ancient truth that health is our most precious asset， one for which we might readily give up such rewards as power， wealth， or fame（荣誉）。
Because ill health is a universal problem， affecting both the individual and society， the human response to sickness in always socially organized. No society leaves the responsibility for maintaining health and treating ill health entirely to the individual. Each society develops its own concepts of health and sickness and authorizes certain people to decide who is sick and how the sick should be treated. Around this focus there arises， over time， a number of standard， values， groups， statuses， and roles： in other words， an institution（体系，机构）。 To the sociologist（社会学家）， then， medicine is the institution concerned with the maintenance of health and the treatment of disease.
In the simple pre-industrial societies， medicine is usually an aspect of religion. The social arrangements for dealing with sickness are very elementary， often involving only two roles： the sick and the healer（治疗者）。 The later is typically also the priest（牧师）， who relies primarily on religious ceremonies， both to identify and to treat disease： For example， bones may be thrown to establish a cause， songs may be used to bring about a cure. In modern industrialized societies， on the other hand， the institution has become highly complicated and specialized， including dozens of roles such as those of brain surgeon， druggist， hospital administrator， linked with organizations such as nursing houses， insurance companies， and medical schools. Medicine， in fact， has become the subject of intense sociological interest precisely because it is now one of the most pervasive and costly institutions of modern society.
26. Which of the following statements is true according to Paragraph 1？
A、Nowadays most people believe
B、Human life involves a great deal of pain and suffering.
C、most of us are aware of the full value of health
D、ancient people believed that health was more expensive than anything else.
27. The word “authorize” in paragraph 2 means “______”。
A、make way for
B、give power to
C、write an order for
D、make it possible for
28. In paragraph 2， we learn that the sociologist regards medicine as ______.
A、a system whose purpose is to treat disease and keep people healthy
B、a universal problem that affects every society
C、a social responsibility to treat ill health
D、a science that focuses on the treatment of disease
29. According to Paragraph 3， which of the following is NOT true？
A、In the past， bones might be used to decide why people fell ill
B、In pre-industrial societies priests sometimes treated patients by singing
C、Modern medicine is so complicated that sociology no longer has a place in it.
D、there were only two roles in an elementary medical system， the patient and the one who tried to cure them.
30. The author of this passage is mainly concerned with ______.
A、sociological aspects in medicine
B、medical treatment of diseases
C、the development of medical science
D、the role of religion in medicine
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